Summary Of A Vindication Of The Rights Of Women By Mary...

During the Age of Enlightenment in the late eighteenth century, Mary Wollstonecraft presented a radical essay, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, that shed light on the largest, underrepresented groups of the time, women. The essay voiced the inequalities women at the time faced and called upon Wollstonecraft’s audience to invoke a revolution for the rights of women. Through her writing, she presented a compelling argument that slowly allowed women to question their â€Å"place† in society and demand change to the British social order. While these changes did not happen quickly, her work sparked the feminist movements through its unique message and called upon women to demand equality through the Match Girls Strike and Women’s Suffrage†¦show more content†¦Wollstonecraft transcended the notion that she is simply expressing grievances over the unjust treatment of women establishing herself as an articulate, intellectual thinker with innovative ideas and solutions for progressing society. Through voicing her opinions, Wollstonecraft created a small revolution for women’s rights that would encourage others to begin seeking equal treatment from the men of society. The eighteenth century and Enlightenment Movement ended with many disgruntled Londoners expressing their opinions through radical printed media and riots. In comparison, the end of the nineteenth century consisted of more unhappy London civilians expressing their grievances through strikes and protests. One of the larger strikes carried out by women demanding safer working conditions and better treatment was the Match Girls Strike. The Match Girls Strike occurred at the Bryant and May factory in Fairfield Road when Annie Bessant, a socialist editor for The Link, exposed the horrendous working conditions being covered up at the factory. The women, young Irish girls, often worked extremely long hours with little pay. Their pay was also deducted for minor infractions that included dropping matches, tardiness, speaking, and even using the bathroom. Additionally, many of the working girls suffered from extreme negative health effects due to the phosphorus used at the factory includi ng hairShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sor Juana Ines De La Cruz And Mary Wollstonecraft846 Words   |  4 Pagesstandards and self-inflicted exacerbation of women has been a prominent issue for centuries. Consequently, women have faced marginalization and oppression throughout the ages. In moments of bravery, exemplary figures have spoken out against this injustice. Two such characters during the Enlightenment period are Sor Juana Inà ©s de la Cruz and Mary Wollstonecraft. Specifically, Sor Juana’s poem â€Å"Philosophical Satire† and Wollstonecraft’s piece A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Sor Juana speaks to the injusticeRead MoreHow Do the Ideas Espoused by Mary Wollstonecraft and Other Feminist Writers of Her Time Relate to Women Today?1302 Words   |  6 PagesHow do the ideas espoused by Mary Wollstonecraft and other feminist writers of her time relate to women today? In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft presented and developed ideas that were groundbreaking and new for her time. She believed the only way women could view their social roles objectively and differently was through education. Her ideas were â€Å"unambiguously feminist, although by modern standards, they may seem outdated† (â€Å"History of feminism†). But I believeRead MoreMary Wollstonecraft s Argument The Best Of The Five Faces1265 Words   |  6 Pagesfaces of oppression, marginalization is most related to the concerns of Mary Wollstonecraft’s argument in A Vindication of the Rights of Women with Structures on Political and Moral Subjects. This is because marginalization has a lot to do with a particular group’s dependency on the dominant group. My argument is that marginalization fits Wollstonecraft’s argument the best of the five faces because Wollstonecraft discusses how women are dependent on men and are exclude d from participating in the patriarchalRead MoreGame of Thrones relationship to Modern Political Philosophy1541 Words   |  6 PagesGame of Thrones season 3 episodes 9 and 10. These themes listed down on the paper will be compared to the ideas of modern philosophers ideas. The ideas of the political philosopher will also be included in this paper. Lastly within this paper, a summary of what themes that has been found out in the series are still applicable in modern’s time. As I watched season three of Games of Thrones within these last few days, I realized that there are a lot of political aspects that can be related to modernRead MoreEssay on The Changing Roles of Women1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe Changing Roles of Women Life in the American colonies between 1600 and 1780, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was profoundly influenced by the nearness of the people and the soil. During the colonial period, even the largest cities were never vary far removed from the backcountry farms that supported them with agricultural and household industry products. Townspeople were in close daily contact with farmers for their survival. Farmers relied on the nearest town to market theirRead MoreElusive Women Rights As widely cited the French Revolution served as the greatest war of liberation3000 Words   |  12 PagesElusive Women Rights As widely cited the French Revolution served as the greatest war of liberation of the human race and decried as bloodthirsty lesson on the working of mob mentality. Women despite their extensive participation in the relatively legitimate and orderly legislative and political process, which characterized the first phase of the Revolution, as well as in the violence of the Terror were no better off in 1804 after the formulation of the Napoleonic Code. The question asked is plainRead MoreUpdating Motherhood: Science and the Enlightenment of Women4934 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿Updating Motherhood 2.0: Science and the Enlightenment of Women Before there was the enlightenment of women there was a scientific revolution. And one of the critical facts of that transformation was a notion by the men of science that they should not look back to the works and understandings of the past (Brown, 2008). Without the benefit of objective theories and practices, that knowledge was at best untrustworthy and surely contaminated by the minds of the untrained. In such an environmentRead More The First World War and Womens Suffrage in Britain Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesOutline A. Plan of Investigation B. Summary of Evidence C. Evaluation of Sources D. Analysis Works Cited A. Plan of Investigation The 19th century was an important phase for feminism in Britain. The suffrage movement began as a struggle to achieve equal rights for women in 1872. Women then became active in their quest for political recognition, which they finally obtained in 1928. This investigation assesses the question: To what extent did the First World War lead to the accomplishmentRead MoreThe Eighteenth Century : Age Of Enlightenment2647 Words   |  11 Pagesinstincts †¢ Romanticism: emphasis on heart and sentiment (19th) †¢ biological difference between man and women †¢ Diderot and Voltaire: women are capable of all of men †¢ Mary Astell (1666-1731): -1697: A Serious Proposal to the Ladies: women needed to be better educated -Some Reflections upon Marriage: equality in marriage Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797): founder of feminism -Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1729: woman must obey men, subjection of woman to man was wrong -Enlightenment: reason innateRead MoreCompare and Contrast - Women5945 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿ Compare contrast women 100 years ago and women today. I. Intro 1. Womens lives have changed enormously this century and the actions of women themselves have played a vital role in the transformation. Putting women back into history is about giving individual women their history, but it should also be about making some collective sense out of womens divergent experiences. 2. At the beginning of the century most women were invisible in society, whatever their class.. II. Clothes a. Clothes

American Citizens Duties to the Government According to...

American Citizens Duties To The Government: According To The Constitution Christopher J Morin College Of Central Florida Abstract What is our duties and obligations to our country. What is the importance of these duties to our nation, government, and the other citizens of the united states. What is questioned to be the beliefs of those who do not know what is our duties as citizens. and brief examples of our duties and obligations to the government based upon the constitution. It is our duty as citizens to abide by the constitution. To protect the constitution and all it details in. To vote and express out voice through electing representation to speak on our behalf. To serve on a jury to represent the constitution and our†¦show more content†¦Electing representation is what gets our opinions to government issues and provides sorts of change to our national, state, and local communities. It was once said by Patrick Henry â€Å"no taxation with out representation†. Saying how a man can not be represented without the right to vote. Serving your country in a time of war is a citizen duty much need by our constitution. If no one is protecting our country and our freedoms then what good is it to have them. Registering for the draft in a time of dire need like war is something needed by our constitution and government. The ability to serve and protect the country, its people, and contents of this land we so love is a obligation worth dyeing for. The draft though is only applicable to men of the age of at least 18 years of age. You are not automatically put into the armed forces but registered till a time when an armed force needs expanded in time of war which will draw names from those who registered. Serving in an organized militia or being drafted in a obligation needed by our government and constitution to ensure safety over this land and everything that it has and represents. Citizens are also obligated to be an active role playing member in our democratic community not just voting and sitting till the term of elections, but to follow the government within is non election years. To voice opinionShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Of Indian Constitution Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Constitution is not a mere lawyers document, it is a vehicle of Life, and its spirit is always the spirit of Age.† -B. R. Ambedkar. Constitution is believed to be supreme law of a country. The word ‘Constitution’ is a French origin which is generally used for regulation and orders. Constitution means body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organisation is governed. Every country has its own constitution, which describes about duties, rules andRead MoreWhat Problems Has Society Experienced When An Act?1267 Words   |  6 Pagesact as debauched and damaging by an elected representative, it is not viewed as a crime; however, any act can be coded or defined by the government and can be made an act of crime. If an act is committed, and there are no provisions of punishment for the specific act, the governing body can write a new law; furthermore, no act is erroneous unless the government says it is erroneous (Robinson, 2005, pp. 50-51). What problems has society experienced when an act has not yet been coded, or the governingRead MoreA Well Regulated Militi The Founding Fathers And The Origins Of Gun Control1472 Words   |  6 Pagesby states and governments to maintain and protect militias. Gun Ownership as a Civic Obligation The ownership of guns is a civil right for the American citizens regardless of one’s ethnic, racial, economic, or religious background. Understanding the concept of civic duty is the basis of understanding the very principle that underlies the Second Amendment. Each citizen is obligated by the virtue of being a member of the nation to obey the constitution. The obligation of each citizen, therefore, isRead MoreEnlightenment Influences on American Ideals Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesacross Europe. People began believing in the ideals of popular government, the centrality of economics to politics, secularism, and progress. This cultural movement was sparked by intellectuals and commonwealth thinkers such as the influential writer John Locke and the famous scientist Isaac Newton, both who emphasized the fact that man, by the use of reason, would be able to solve all of his problems-whether it be problems with the government, morals or the society. However, these ideals weren ’t justRead MoreEnsuring Freedom Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the course of history, the aspect of freedom in the eyes of American citizens has been surprisingly ambivalent. With the creation of the Declaration and the Constitution early in our country’s lifetime, the element of freedom was undeniably sought. However, looking back at the loosely written intentions of this document, freedom can be assumed unfit for all. The Declaration, promising â€Å"that all men are created equal† (U.S. Declaration Ind.), began as a document causing nothing but civilRead MoreAmerican Government Essay example684 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Government Each type of government holds different views as to the role the leaders and citizens should perform in their country .Different types of government include, oligarchy where the government is run by the best leaders, Tyranny, where they believe those in power should have complete control over its people. In the United States of America, we believe in democracy, rule by the majority. The main problem with our type of government is maintaining it. Our government and its citizensRead MoreThe Law And Civil Law1707 Words   |  7 Pages As American citizens it is our duty to follow the laws stated in the American Constitution in order to maintain our rights to be free. If we fail to follow the laws we lose our rights as free citizens in these United States. Our Department of Justice mission statement is: To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek justRead MoreThe Iranian Political Dynamic1468 Words   |  6 PagesIran and as such, it embodies the absolute supremacy of Islam. The political system is also a fusion of theocracy and democracy. On one end, it limits pluralism and on the other it allows election of leaders through a public general election. The constitution of Iran allows popular sovereignty and blend it with the rule of jurisconsults. In this respect, institutions are governed by the clergy, while maintaining a four tier political system that consists of elected leader. The four-tier system consistsRead MoreThe United States Government Is The Best Policy1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States government serves as a purpose to improve and protect the lives of all American citizens. The fu nctions of the United States government varies and operates on several different levels that include national, state, and local. Each of these levels helps the government make certain demands of its citizens. These demands and guidelines have been practiced, maintained, and developed through history. This is to promote the general welfare of the society. The American people are providedRead MoreI Had A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.1684 Words   |  7 Pagesdelivered his â€Å"I had a dream speech† In the duration of five minutes, he made history and changed society’s view upon those with a darker skin tone. On that day he changed many opinions and views, in the matter of five minutes. He proved that we, the American people have the power to change a nation through our words. Not only can we change the world with our voice, but we can change the world through our actions. Protests and gatherings have impacted the United States civilization as we know it. Our

Most Important Scientific Event of 2007 Free Essays

The scientific event with the most significant implications for the future was recognition of unique differences between genome sequences of individual people (Pennisi, 2007). It is believed that about 99.5% of human DNA is exactly the same in every person. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Important Scientific Event of 2007 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within that 0.5% lies the variations that are responsible for individual traits and diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, depression, alcoholism, heart disease, and other serious diseases (National Human Genome Research Institute). Genetic variations also affect how individuals respond to drugs and environmental factors. The goals of National Human Genome Research Institute are to discover and type single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other forms of genetic variation on a large scale across the genome; to develop high-resolution maps of genetic variation and haplotypes; and to develop methods for the large-scale experimental and statistical analysis of SNPs, other forms of genetic variation, haplotypes and complex traits (National Human Genome Research Institute). Previous work on the human genome has including the search for a relationship between specific genes and various diseases, such as an â€Å"addiction gene† or a â€Å"cancer gene† or some similar link. This research has already led to the identification of specific genes that are responsible for several diseases. Previous research on the human genome has also identified what separates humans from other primates, genetically speaking. In addition to identifying the genome sequences that are responsible for diseases, breakthroughs that occurred during 2007 will allow scientists to pinpoint the genetic variations that make me, me and you, you. Individual genomes appear to include the causes of behavioral traits that had been previously attributed to personality or psychiatric characteristics and not to genetics (Pennisi, 2007). The most obvious application of this research will be in the use of gene therapy to combat diseases. At the simplest level, understanding an individual’s predisposition towards certain diseases will allow physicians to recommend preventative treatments and lifestyle choices that can reduce or eliminate the genetic threat. On a more complex level, genetic research can provide new, customized treatments that are specifically designed to match the genetic needs of the individual patient. Genetic medicine could be used to treat diseases after the disease has developed or, in some cases, used to treat genetic disorders during pregnancy. While the medical applications for genome research show much promise, there are also serious implications for individual privacy and genetic discrimination. Once again, legal and ethical development has not kept pace with scientific and technological development. Despite the introduction of several pieces of legislation designed to help ensure genetic privacy and to shield individuals from the misuse of genetic information, there is still no federal legislation that addresses the issue of genetic discrimination in individual insurance coverage or to genetic discrimination in the workplace (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, 2007). As the ability to sequence the genome sequences of individuals becomes more practical, insurance companies and other interested parties might consider it cost effective to use genetic sequencing to reduce any potential liabilities from policy holders or applicants. Many insurance companies already have policies regarding preexisting conditions. The leap from policies that exclude   preexisting conditions a policy that excludes diseases for which the individual has a genetic predisposition is not that far removed. The ability to map individual genomes will open new doors for medical treatment of disease. Hopefully, 2008 will see breakthroughs of a similar magnitude in ethics and laws regarding the gathering, sharing, and use of genetic information. References National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (2008). Genetic variation program. Online. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from http://www.genome.gov/10001551 Pennisi, E. (2007). Breakthrough of the year: Human genetic variation. Science, 318 (5858), pp. 1842 – 1843. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5858/1842 U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (2007). Genetics Privacy and Legislation. Online. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/legislat.shtml How to cite Most Important Scientific Event of 2007, Essay examples

Internal Control Audit And Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Example For Students

Internal Control Audit And Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Accounting Standard No. 5, an audit of internal control over the fiscal coverage that is integrated with an audit of fiscal statements, was created by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board as an amendment to Accounting Standard No. 2 to clear up uncertainnesss for hearers. The criterion was created in conformity with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ( 2002 ) which requires direction of publicly held companies to describe on the effectivity of internal control in add-on to the appraisal of fiscal statements. When carry oning an audit of internal controls over fiscal coverage, the hearer must derive an apprehension of the audit entity so that the hearer can successful place possible internal control hazards. The hearer achieves this by utilizing the top-down attack, which is a consecutive procedure of placing hazards and which controls later need to be tested. This attack begins with the hearer placing hazards of internal control over fiscal coverage to guarantee the truth of fiscal statements. In order to guarantee truth, the hearer must place likely stuff mistakes in the fiscal statements. After placing internal control hazards of fiscal coverage, the hearer must so concentrate on hazards associated with entity-level controls. Entity-level controls are more specific controls established within the entity to guarantee the dependability and confidence of fiscal statements such as control environment, controls to supervise other controls, and controls of terminal of period coverage. Control environment controls consist of direction s ability to set up effectual internal controls over fiscal statement coverage and the integrity/ethics supported by direction. The control environment besides includes controls like the effectual inadvertence of the board of managers and audit commission over direction. Controls that proctor other controls include direction override, which is of import in to guarantee the engagement of direction with internal controls and fiscal statement coverage is non excessively influential. Often these controls are designed to place dislocations in lower controls. Entity-level controls can hold important effects on the likeliness that stuff misstatements will be detected or prevented in a timely footing. An hearer s rating of entity-level controls can ensue in the increased or decreased extent that an hearer will execute proving on other identified controls. Following the hearer s focal point of entity-level controls the hearer must scatter farther by placing important histories, revelations, and matching averments. This measure of the top-down attack requires that the hearer assesses histories, revelations, and averments that can show a possibility of material misstatement in the fiscal statements. To decently measure these, an hearer must see qualitative and quantitative hazard factors which can include size/composition of histories, susceptibleness of error/fraud, nature of the history, and dealing complexness. It is the hearer s duty to find possible histories and revelations that can be possible beginnings of stuff misstatements. To better the confidence that an hearer determines misstatement beginnings, the hearer should hold a thorough apprehension of the induction, mandate, processing, and recording of minutess. The hearer should besides place controls direction implements to forestall or observe unauthorised acquisition, usage, or temperament of assets that could potentially do a material misstatement. Walkthroughs are a utile auditing tool, where the hearer uses enquiry, observation, document review, and public presentation of controls to follow a dealing from inception throughout the company s procedure of entering. It is up to the hearer to guarantee that the controls tested support the hearer s decision of the control sufficiency for assessed hazard of misstatement. The audit of internal control over fiscal coverage can frequently ensue in a material failing or important lack, which consequences in different intervention harmonizing to established auditing criterions. A material failing is a lack, or combination of, originating in the audit of internal control over fiscal coverage, when there is a sensible possibility that a material misstatement of the company s fiscal statements will non be prevented or detected in a timely footing. .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d , .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .postImageUrl , .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d , .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d:hover , .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d:visited , .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d:active { border:0!important; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d:active , .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77a582bebcd2983ed0d1338b2aa2fa8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The First Reconstruction A Revolution EssayWhen carry oning an audit of internal controls over fiscal coverage there are several indexs hearers can witness that suggest a stuff failing exists. These indexs of stuff failings include marks of fiscal fraud by direction or the uneffective inadvertence of coverage and internal controls by the audit commission. It is besides likely that a stuff failing exists when an hearer identifies a material misstatement that would non hold been detected by the internal controls established by direction. Finally an hearer can reexamine old period fiscal statement revelations, and histories of fiscal restatements can frequently bespeak the be ing of a material failing. When an hearer has determined the being of a stuff failing, its find must be communicated in composing to direction and the audit commission. All failings must be communicated before the issue of the audit study of internal control on fiscal coverage. If the hearer determines that inadvertence of the audit commission is uneffective, the hearer must pass on this sentiment to the board of managers straight. A important lack is the being of one or more lacks originating in the audit of internal control over fiscal coverage. Theses lacks are less terrible than those of a material failing ; nevertheless are of import plenty to advert by those responsible for fiscal coverage inadvertence. When an hearer has determined the being of a important lack, the hearer must pass on its being in composing to the audit commission. The hearer must so pass on all important lacks of internal control of fiscal describing with direction and advise the audit commission when this communicating has been completed. After pass oning the audit findings with the audit commission, direction, and/or the board of managers the hearer is required to make an audit study. In the study the hearer must province the being of restriction with an audit of internal controls for fiscal coverage. These restrictions include the failure to forestall or observe stuff or important lacks, which can originate through the impairment of policy and process conformity by companies or the insufficiency of controls due to status alterations.

Bottlenecks in a process

Bottleneck is derived from the word the neck of a bottle, which is usually small compared to the other parts of a bottle. Hence, it limits the amount of any substance being drawn from the bottle.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bottlenecks in a process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It means a delay that occurs at one point in a process and thereby causing inefficiency or reduction of the speed in which the process is expected to take place (Goldrat, 2004). If delays due to bottlenecks are not addressed, a process is likely to fail. The process of driving from home to work has some bottlenecks which lead to increasing the time one takes to work. Considering the information given on the process of driving to work daily, there are quite a number of main bottlenecks which are evident during the entire process. The greatest bottleneck is the state of my car and whether it has gas or not. From the data provided, it is clear that in the case where the car has enough fuel and is in a good condition, the process of going to work takes the shortest time possible. Lack of enough fuel in the car will imply that fueling will have to be done hence taking extra time in the gas station, which delays the process. Lack of fuel in the car or not being in a favorable condition will also imply boarding a public vehicle which may not always be available. This is a major bottleneck since if they are not available, one has to walk to work hence taking unusually long, and getting to work tired and unable to work efficiently. If the public vehicles are available, one is dropped at the station and walks to the working place, which may lead to more delays. The traffic light stopovers and traffic jams are sometimes not predictable. Police checks may also lead to delays in this process. Though they are not predictable, there are ways in which their effects in the process of driving to school can be minimized. Using Goldrat’s theory to identify and reduce the bottlenecks To maximize the time usage in the daily process of driving to school, the above constrains have to be identified and resolved altogether. The reduction or elimination of these bottlenecks can be done by applying Goldratt’s theory of constrains.Advertising Looking for report on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Using this theory to reduce the constrains brought about by the car, the latter should always be fueled the previous day as a matter of early planning (Goldrat, 2004). This will reduce delays due to time taken in refilling the car. The bottleneck due to using a public vehicles and being dropped at the station leading to delay due to the extra time taken to walk to the work place can be reduced by starting the journey a little bit earlier than normal days. Other bottlenecks like the police checks and traffic jams can also be reduced th rough this action. Mastering the occurrence of the traffic jams can also be used so that one avoids the jam when expected to occur by leaving earlier or taking an alternative route (Shtub Karni, 2009). In summing up, it is vital to mention that using the theory of constrains helps in reducing my driving time to work place through elimination of bottlenecks that have been identified. This theory breaks the process into steps in order to be able to get a better understanding of all the steps and improve the products of any other process that may experience challenges. References Goldrat, M. (2004). The goal: a process of ongoing improvement. New York: North River Press. Shtub, A. Karni, R. (2009). ERP: the Dynamics of Supply Chain and Process Management. London: Springer. This report on Bottlenecks in a process was written and submitted by user Ian U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Inca Star Worship and Constellations

Inca Star Worship and Constellations The stars in the sky were very important to the religion of the Inca. They identified constellations and individual stars and assigned them a purpose. According to the Inca, many of the stars were there to protect animals: every animal had a corresponding star or constellation which would look out for it. Today, traditional Quechua communities still see the same constellations in the sky as they did centuries ago. Inca Culture and Religion The Inca culture thrived in the Andes Mountains in western South America from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries. Although they started out as one ethnic group among many in the region, they embarked upon a campaign of conquest and assimilation and by the fifteenth century, they had achieved pre-eminence in the Andes and controlled an empire which stretched from present-day Colombia to Chile. Their religion was complicated. They had a pantheon of greater gods which included Viracocha, the creator, Inti, the Sun, and Chuqui Illa, the thunder god. They also worshiped huacas, which were spirits which could inhabit just about any remarkable phenomenon, such as a waterfall, large boulder or tree. The Inca and the Stars The sky was very important to the Inca culture. The sun and moon were considered gods and temples and pillars were laid out specifically so that heavenly bodies such as the sun would pass over pillars or through windows on certain days, such as the summer solstice. The stars played an important role in Inca cosmology. The Inca believed that Viracocha had planned for the protection of all living things, and that to each star corresponded a particular sort of animal or bird. The star grouping known as the Pleiades held particular influence over the lives of animals and birds. This group of stars was not considered a greater god but rather a huaca, and Inca shamans would regularly make sacrifices to it. Inca Constellations Like many other cultures, the Inca grouped the stars into constellations. They saw many animals and other things from their daily lives when they looked to the stars. There were two sorts of constellations for the Inca. The first are of the common variety, where groupings of stars are linked in connect-the-dots fashion to make images of gods, animals, heroes, etc. The Inca saw some such constellations in the sky but considered them inanimate. The other constellations were seen in the absence of stars: these dark blotches on the Milky Way were seen as animals and were considered living or animate. They lived in the Milky Way, which was considered a river. The Inca were one of the very few cultures who found their constellations in the absence of stars. Mach’acuay: The Serpent One of the major dark constellations was Machacuay, the Serpent. Although snakes are rare at the high altitudes where the Inca Empire thrived, there are a few, and the Amazon River basin is not far away to the east. The Inca saw serpents as highly mythological animals: rainbows were said to be serpents named amarus. Machacuay was said to oversee all snakes on Earth, protecting them and helping them procreate. The constellation Machacuay is a wavy dark band located on the Milky Way between Canis Major and the Southern Cross. The constellation serpent emerges head-first in the Inca region in August and begins to set in February: Interestingly, this mirrors the activity of real snakes in the zone, which are more active during the Andean rainy season of December to February. Hanp’atu: The Toad In a somewhat surprising twist on nature, Hanpatu the Toad chases Machacuay the Serpent out of the Earth in August as that segment of the Milky Way becomes visible in Peru. Hanpatu is seen in a lumpish dark cloud between Machacuays tail and the Southern Cross. Like the snake, the toad was an important animal to the Inca. The nocturnal croaking and chirping of frogs and toads were listened to attentively by Inca diviners, who believed that the more these amphibians croaked, the more likely it was to rain soon. Also like the snakes, the Andean toads are more active during the rainy season; in addition, they croak more at night when their constellation is visible in the sky. Hanpatu also had the added significance that his appearance in the night sky coincided with the beginning of the Inca agricultural cycle: when he showed up, it meant that the time to plant had come. Yutu: The Tinamou Tinamous are clumsy ground birds similar to partridges, common in the Andean region. Located at the base of the Southern Cross, Yutu is the next dark constellation to emerge as the Milky Way becomes visible in the night sky. Yutu is a dark, kite-shaped spot which corresponds to the Coal Sack Nebula. It chases Hanpatu, which makes some sense because tinamous are known to eat small frogs and lizards. The tinamou may have been selected (as opposed to any other bird) because it exhibits remarkable social behavior: male tinamous attract and mate with females, who lay their eggs in his nest before leaving to repeat the process with another male. Males, therefore, incubate the eggs, which could come from 2 to 5 mating partners. Urcuchillay: The Llama The next constellation to emerge is the llama, perhaps the most important of the constellations to the Inca. Although the llama is a dark constellation, the stars Alpha and Beta Centauri serve as its â€Å"eyes† and are the first to emerge when the llama rises in November. The constellation consists of two llamas, a mother, and a baby. Llamas were of great importance to the Inca: they were food, beasts of burden and sacrifices to the gods. These sacrifices often took place at certain times with astronomical significance such as equinoxes and solstices. Llama herders were particularly attentive to the movements of the celestial llama and offered it sacrifices. Atoq: The Fox The fox is a small black splotch at the feet of the llama: this is appropriate because Andean foxes eat baby vicuà ±as. When they foxes come by, however, the adult vicuà ±as gang up and attempt to trample the foxes to death. This constellation has a connection to earthly foxes: the Sun passes through the constellation in December, the time when baby foxes are born. Significance of Inca Star Worship The Inca constellations and their worship - or at least a certain respect for them and an understanding of their role in the agricultural cycle - are one of few aspects of Inca culture that survived the conquest, colonial era and 500 years of forced assimilation. The original Spanish chroniclers mentioned the constellations and their importance, but not in any great detail: fortunately, modern researchers have been able to fill in the gaps by making friends and doing fieldwork in rural, traditional Andean Quechua communities where people still see the same constellations their ancestors saw centuries ago. The nature of Inca reverence for their dark constellations reveals much about Inca culture and religion. To the Inca, everything was connected: The universe of the Quechuas is not composed of a series of discrete phenomena and events, but rather there is a powerful synthetic principle underlying the perception and ordering of objects and events in the physical environment. (Urton 126). The snake in the sky had the same cycle as earthly snakes and lived in a certain harmony with the other celestial animals. Consider this in contrast to traditional western constellations, which were a series of images (scorpion, hunter, scales, etc) that really didnt interact with one another or events here on Earth (except for vague fortunetelling). Sources Cobo, Bernabà ©. (translated by Roland Hamilton) Inca Religion and Customs. Austin: the University of Texas Press, 1990.Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. (translated by Sir Clement Markham). History of the Incas. 1907. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1999.Urton, Gary. Animals and Astronomy in the Quechua Universe. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 125, No. 2. (April 30, 1981). P. 110-127.

Toxic Substances Control Act, United States Research Paper

Toxic Substances Control Act, United States - Research Paper Example While the enactment of codified environmental acts with TSCA has brought certain advantages in reducing health risks and negative impact to the environment in general through the course of history since the 1970s, its scope and limitations are perceived to necessitate evaluation measures that suit current demands. History Originally proposed in 1971 by the President’s Council on Environmental Quality, federal legislation for TSCA arrived at a report on ‘Toxic Substances’, detailing a defined need for comprehensive legislation in identifying and controlling chemicals whose production, processing, distribution, application, as well as disposal may pose serious threat to humans and environment alike, especially since environmental statutes back then were lacking adequate regulations. . In 1972 and the following year, bills for the 92nd and 93rd Congresses were passed by the House and the Senate respectively when certain issues rose regarding the scope of tests perfor med, economic consequence, and efficiency in comparison to other regulatory laws. TSCA was approved and officialized into law under the regime of President Ford as the latter signed for its approval on October 11, 1976, under which EPA was granted jurisdiction to address reported episodes of environmental contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of Hudson River and other waterways, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions toward gradual stratospheric ozone depletion, and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) with agricultural impact. Estimating optimum levels of costs imposed upon TSCA implementation as well as related provisions inventory and hazard notifications were also required for EPA to maintain besides pertinent screening procedures and control of existing industrially used toxic chemicals. Major amendments to the TSCA initially comprised in a single title included Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act under Public Law Number 99-519 (Title II) in 1986 which enabled EPA to set standards for asbestos mitigation in schools, requiring asbestos contractors to be trained and certified as well. Radon Program Development Act in 1988 followed by Radon Measurement two years later, as stated in P.L. 100-551 (Title III) and P.L. 101-508 correspondingly contained directions for EPA to provide technical assistance to states that opt to support monitoring and control of radon. Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act under P.L. 101-637 moreover was enacted in 1999 whereas the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992 through P.L. 102-550 (Title IV) was sought to be carried out in providing assistance leading to abatement of lead-based paint hazards. Through Title V, similarly, environmental concerns at schools along with energy efficiency were dealt with by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 within P.L. 110-140 while Title I was further amended in terms of sales restrictions for elementary mercury in 2008 being authorized by Me rcury Export Ban Act under P.L. 110-414. TSCA Coverage / Content One chief objective of TSCA was to enable producers to develop test data, directing EPA to require such on existing chemicals in case – (1) the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, or disposal of the chemical ‘may present an unreasonable risk’ or (2) when the chemical is produced in substantial quantity by volume, posing the threat of being released to the environment in equivalent or proportional amount which entails a range of measureable impact upon a populace of high biodiversity. Since there were more than

Speech class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech class - Essay Example Therefore within the learner will develop these skills and will be effective in generating ideas, organizing these ideas after research topics and enhance the oral presentation skills. Within the preparation stage of every speech, the student learns how to conduct an effective research for the topic identified. The effectiveness of carrying out a research will rest on various factors such as the clarity of the theme or thesis statement which the presenter must be in a position to identify (Anon 7). Moreover, with other tools of conducting a research, the student learns how to have the research organized properly and efficiently in order to realize substantial information. From the successful research, information to be presented is gathered. It is followed by the organization of the research findings logically. This assists the presenter in categorically following the basic order in which the points are to be presented to avoid confusion, both to the audience as well as to the presen ter in person. Well organized points assist the presenter to be effective as it helps to build on the confidence and poise in presentation. Logical organization of ideas also involves the appropriate adoption of parts of speech while doing the presentation. It also entails clearly presenting an outline for the topic of presentation and carrying out rehearsals in presentation to ascertain the logical flow of the speech. Every speech has got the audience it is directed to and unless the speech is effectively delivered to the audience, then the purpose for the speech may not be met. In this regard, the speech class prepares the students on effective mechanisms to interact with the audience through overcoming nervousness as well as using proper body language (Anon 5-6). The eye contact with the audience ascertains confidence in the presentation and thus boosts the effectiveness of the speech. On the other hand, engaging active audience through periodical questioning, demonstrations, ton e variation, gestures and use of most relevant examples also contribute greatly to the effectiveness of a speech. Public speaking and speech presentation is an art and thus the effectiveness and competence in the same would be determined by the frequency of doing it as well as the practice done. There are various methods through which students master the art of speech delivery after class. The speech class advocates for different ways through which a learner can constantly keep improving of the speech methods learnt in class. Among other methods advocated is through regular reading of newspapers or other sources of information in order to develop effectiveness in collecting data from print sources and analyzing it. Moreover, through wide reading, the student is in a position to widen his/her scope of understanding the diverse topics. Other method is through assessing vocal pace, and tone through mimicry and repetition from Radio as well as television. This helps the student to maste r the art of speaking through recorded speeches and through this, one is able to develop competence in speaking and personal confidence as observed from program hosts. On the other hand, the student’s personal conditioning of students to have daily or regular

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 10

Human Resource Management - Essay Example In this respect, the company has contracted Valmax consultancy to conduct training needs assessment and subsequent training for the employees of Coca-Cola Company. In addition, the Coca-Cola Company offers training and development courses for its associates through the Coca-Cola University (CCU) that engages the associates in e-learning and classroom learning. Although the Coca-Cola Company has done well in training its employees, it needs to focus on the personal component of the training program and offer equal training opportunities for its staff across the globe. The Coca-Cola Company is the global leader in beverage production, distribution, and sale, with presence in virtually all countries in the world. Presently, the company produces over 500 brands of soft drinks and other beverages with the main ones being Diet Coke, Fanta, Coca-Cola Zero, Sprite, and Dasani. The company boasts as the leader in the production and distribution of sparkling beverages, juice drinks, and ready-to-drink coffees. Owing to the popularity and huge market share of the Coca-Cola Company, it has a distribution system that covers more than 200 countries. In addition, The Company employs hundreds of thousands of employees at various levels. Since the Coca-Cola Company does close to 2 billion servings of beverages on a daily basis, it requires well-trained and motivated employees who will deliver good results even when the market experiences a slump. With over 700,000 employees worldwide, the Coca-Cola Company commands a huge workforce that requires prudent human re source management through constant training and development of employees (Kurtz & Boone 2011, pp. 281). In order to enhance the performance of the company and make it retain the competitive edge that it has, the Human Resource Department at the Coca-Cola Company extends education to all its associates at various levels. The development and educational programs that the company offers ensures the realization of full

United Parcel Service And Service Marketing Business Essay

United Parcel Service And Service Marketing Business Essay Services are economic activities that create and deliver great value to the consumer. It is an act that helps consumers to get things done without having to go do it themselves, and the consumers have to pay for it. Services, which can surprise a customer on the first delivery, always win over with high reputation and excellence or pass with flying colours. This report is on the services offered by UPS, mainly focusing on their call centre. UPS was found in 1907 by two people Jim Casey Claude Ryan who were teenagers at the time, also known as the American Messenger Company, whose messengers delivered packages, and carried notes, baggage and trays of food from restaurants. Most of the delivery was made either on foot or, and bicycles for longer journeys. At the time, only a few automobiles were in existence and department stores of the day still used horses and wagons for merchandise delivery. The company was soon started delivering small parcels for local department stores and changed its name from American Messenger Company to Merchants Parcel Delivery. The company expanded outside Seattle (USA) in 1919 with the acquisition of Oakland (USA) based Motor Parcel Delivery and was renamed United Parcel Service in 1930. UPS began the process of expanding its services by acquiring common carrier rights for the entire country; this took place in the 1950s. Over the past century, UPS has transformed drastically, growing from a small messenger company to a leading provider of air, ocean, ground, and electronic services. In 2003, the company introduced a brand new mark and acronym UPS showing the world that its capabilities extend beyond small package delivery but rather has a broad line of services. However, the company maintains its reputation for integrity, reliability, employee ownership, and customer service. For UPS, the future holds even greater goals to be achieved and accomplished. The UPS Culture As a company, UPS focuses its attention on: Safety: The company spends $38 million a year on safety training, which covers everything from proper body mechanics at work to proper nutrition and exercise at home. As a result, UPS has lowered the number of workdays lost due to injury by more than 50 percent since 1995. Employee education: Many UPS employees at Worldport and other sorting locations are college students. UPS encourages mentors and recruiters from nearby colleges to visit and work with its employees, and it provides additional benefits and perks for college students. Diversity: Minorities make up 35 percent of UPS U.S. employees and 30 percent of its executives. Its also recognized by Fortune magazine as one of the 50 best companies for minorities The Environment: Delivering packages all over the world and moving them between distribution centers requires an enormous amount of fuel. UPS uses several methods to reduce its fuel consumption and its environmental impact. For example, it has developed a hydraulic hybrid package car, and its drivers use route-planning software to minimize the amount of time they spend idling in traffic and making left turns. UPS pilots also fly at the most fuel-efficient speeds possible to meet their delivery deadlines and run only one engine when taxiing to conserve fuel. Current trends in the industry According to Miss Tanya Astley, Customer Representative Officer in the UPS there are no such trends in the company, only the way things are done keep changing, on busy days, like, on festivals and important occasions. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Global Brand, Strong Distribution Network Weaknesses Perception of Ground Delivery instead of Overnight Heavy Union presence Opportunities Expansion of online shopping Emergence of international middle class Threats Increasing Fuel Costs Competitive Landscape (DHL, USPS, FedEx), potentially slowing global economy. Now to use strengths to capitalize on opportunities, I would say leverage the brand online by partnering with major shopping sites. To addresses weaknesses to alleviate threats, I would say heavily market overnight capabilities to keep FedEx and DHL at bay. 3. Major competitors: Fedex DHL Speedex Aramex THE SERVICE OFFERING Determining customer requirements There is no particular way of measuring the customer requirements in the type of service done by UPS, but they tend to attract new customer through marketing and telesales. Customer loyalty is held high in UPS. Strategy There are a lot of different factors to build Competitive advantage in the Air Express Industry. The different strategies of the companies based on their core product which they are better in than other companies hence makes all the difference. When a business provides an excellent service to its customers, it gives them a positive service experience which leads to repeat purchases or usage of that specific service. As well as passing on the experience to family and friends this helps UPS build a stronger relationship with their customers. UPS believes that by achieving effective customer service they will hence achieve a competitive advantage in the market. UPS uses a differentiation strategy; it does this by creating something about its product or service that is perceived as unique in the industry. Customers must perceive the service as a unique one compared to the competition. UPS should be aware that its customers must be relatively price insensitive as adding this additional uniqueness to its services as additional costs Differentiation may be attained through many features that make the product or service appear unique. Possible strategies for achieving differentiation may include: warranties brand image technology features service quality/value dealer network Economies of scale, such as, lower costs and product differentiation were also prime sources of achieving a competitive advantage in this industry, which were used by UPS to its advantage. This helped UPS to gain a much larger domestic market share three times that of United States postal and twice of Fed Ex, UPS was very cost effective at the time and had a very good reputation in the market. It was only a matter of time when UPS realized that they were not doing as well as they did before and also realized that any competitor could do the same in terms of achieving economies of scale. UPS has been the market leader in this division for a long time. UPS as sited in our essay has always been the leader in market pricing trends. Always the first to charge premiums, and the first to give discounts to the customers. UPS strategy has always been quite different from that of Fed Ex, Aramax or even DHL. UPS is very profitable, well organized, successfully run, has low debt, and a massive ground operation that can financially support a downturn in air express operations. Because of their size and financial strength UPS is in the best position to survive a price war in the industry. The media strategy The usage of an appropriate advertising media, such as, television, press, radio, internet and key broadcast channels, leading titles and publications and strategic outdoor sites can be very influential in helping us to achieve our campaign objectives. The following media imperatives have been set for the region: Television is the key broadcast medium to drive awareness of the new UPS brand identity and offering. Radio will be used as a lead (where budgets dont allow for TV) or support medium, reinforcing primary messages and cultivating top-of-mind awareness. Outdoor will be used to communicate the primary message, ensure new logo exposure and in smaller countries, as a substitute for broadcast media. Press will be used to support the TV creative or stand alone, allowing more opportunity to explain the UPS strategy further High reach media will be used at the launch, covering all audiences, followed by one or two lower bursts ensuring longevity of the new brand message. To build customer relationship, the organization could: Keep in touch with the customer by sending emails with the offers and rates. Get regular feedback from customer who have used the service and improve with their suggestions, to make the customer feel like the king. DEMAND AND CAPACITY 1. Demand cannot be forecasted in this industry. The company can only take the initiative to maintain current sales and hope increase sales in the future by marketing. 2. An increase in demand will lead to more people being employed either part time or full time depending on the tasks that need to be performed. Another important thing needed is the service vehicles, with the increased demand. 3. Customers dont have to go through the hassle of waiting in lines for their doubts to be clarified. All the customer has to do is call, which gets routed to various agents in the call centre, to answer any queries or solve any issues. SPECULATION 1).Opportunities appear to be available in the industry currently the margin for opportunities seems to be very narrow. But strategies could be altered according to the consumer needs. For example, some consumers emphasize on price and the others on the service time taken no matter what the price. Recently, UPS is planning to set up a domestic postal service in China. They plan to introduce a next day delivery service and second and third day delivery products. China is a potential for UPS to grow and offer services and products internationally and this it seems China is an emerging market which could be worth billions. 2. Technological advances In todays day and age the air express industry has become so technologically advanced that goods can be delivered overnight. It is facing intense price competition between the competitors, which exist in this market. The ability to price, route, track and deliver parcels and mail in both domestic and international markets demands a comprehensive. A significant improvement in information technology has enabled package carriers to provide to customers the ability to track their packages movement from origin to destination. Other advances included combining logistics, freight and financial services with traditional package delivery in order to offer customers full supply chain management solutions. Only the organizations that were able to achieve these effectively and efficiently were able to survive in this industry. This is how the existing companies could then make their profit. In this industry the price of the service is the main source for competing. This is the only way in achieving Competitive Success. Competitive advantage can be achieved if, the price of the service provided by competitors is similar and the approach taken to provide the service. For instance, the amount of time taken for the product to reach from point A to point B. 3. Advice to other firms who plan to enter the industry Our advice to the new firms which plan to enter this industry would be to, research the market and the industry and think about strategies that provide the new firm a big competitive advantage including low cost of service and low price charged to the customers. The relationship between the firm and the customers should be healthy. The company should be knowledgeable about everything and should see to it that they have all the information necessary. Customer Relationship Management Customers account for 95% of UPSs shipping information directly. The CRM methodology is a very core part of the UPS success story. UPS grows through engineering and re-engineering of its systems. UPSs growth was achieved slowly and methodically from the inside out. An Excellent service is what distinguishes it from other companies. Companies can use and integrate UPS Worldship hence optimizing their business processes. They can process shipments easily, respond to your customers faster, and reduce costly errors. UPS  provides businesses with  multiple ways to integrate WorldShip with their business: Batch Import/Export: Import a file containing addresses, customer orders, or other shipment information, or export shipping history to your internal systems. Keyed Import:  Allow WorldShip to recognize a customers order simply by entering or scanning a unique identifier, such as a Purchase Order number. Hands-Off Shipping:  Schedule WorldShip to pull addresses from your order entry database and automatically print shipping labels at designated times. XML Auto-Import:  Automate shipment processing using XML code. LOGISTICS Logistics is about getting things where they need to be, at the correct time as effectively and efficiently as possible. But nowadays, logistics is also a strategic way to add value to your business, better served customers, and better long term growth. The logistics provided by UPS can help you manoeuvre the intricacies of global trade with minimal effort. Manage your shipments and minimize their environmental impact. And win repeat and loyal customers by making it easy to return products or parts. The new logistics is more than just getting things to the right place at the right time at the right cost. Its about using the movement of goods as a competitive advantage. Its a whole new way of thinking. And its a powerful force for growing your business. Access to Resources through UPS Businesses dont need a large warehouse, distribution center, or global network to access this new logistics. UPS has built a massive integrated network of physical, technological, and human assets that lets you  tap into the power and passion of logistics. The new logistics from UPS levels playing fields. It lets you act locally or globally. Its for the individual entrepreneur, the small business, or the large company. Its reliable, efficient, and environmentally responsible. Long term growth in the telecommunication UPS needs to learn from other industry best practices to gain a competitive edge in and expand beyond their core markets. An increasing number of companies have redefined themselves and significantly outperformed the markets by growth through services. UPS Moved from traditional parcel services to total supply chain solutions. UPS can better differentiate themselves via services by extending relationship with existing customer base leveraging. Superior customer knowledge as key asset. Customer proximity and delivery competence. In addition, developing the necessary skills and scale by new service-specific processes being developed and service innovations to ensure fast scalability of process and time to market. UPSs evolution to Total Supply Chain Solutions started as:- Standalone development of small service operations within the organization: Worldwide Logistics unit Service Parts Logistics Worldwide dedicated Services UPS Truck Leasing UPS consulting This moved on to:- Expansion of product portfolio and consolidation of existing services resources into UPS Supply Chain Solutions. And finally Reorganization and major MA effort with 16 key acquisitions to develop scale and growth.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr - Dr. King and the Dream :: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essays

Dr. King and the Dream The world saw him as a marching protest leader, an activist, spokesman, civil rights leader, and the conscience of a nation. With keen and sensitive insight, he so eloquently proclaimed that a profound social and human predicament faced our nation and the world. However, some of his greatest messages to us were not preached from a "mountaintop" before millions, but from a little pulpit back home at the Ebeneezer Baptist Church. Dr. King once said, "before I was a civil rights leader, I was a preacher of the gospel. This was my first calling and it still remains my greatest commitment. Just one month before an assassin's bullet found him, Dr. King went back home. For so long, he had lectured and preached to others about the magnificent dreams of unity, brotherhood, hope, and justice. He had taken his messages to the uttermost parts of the world and met with kings, queens, popes, rabbis, and archbishops. But now he was home for a time of reflection, reunion, and rest. This sermon was different. In this sermon, "Unfulfilled Dreams," he preached from the eighth chapter of first Kings and talked about its "cosmic significance because it says so much in so few words about life." It tells the story of King David, who had a dream to build a great temple to honor the Lord, God of Israel. Although the temple was never completed, God blessed David because the dream was in his heart. In this sermon, Dr. King talked about the shattered dreams of Mahatma Gandhi who dreamed about the independence and unity of India as one great nation moving toward a higher destiny. Gandhi labored for years through nonviolent revolution hoping to realize his dream. But the dream was shattered because the nation that Gandhi wanted so badly to unite was riddled with conflict between the Hindus and Moslems. President Woodrow Wilson dreamed of a League of Nations but died before the promise was delivered. The Apostle Paul dreamed of carrying the gospel to Spain but instead ended up in a prison cell in Rome. While reading this sermon, I remembered my own dream, that my children would never see the inhumanity I saw, would never feel the injustice I felt, nor would they taste the bitterness of bigotry that consumed this nation when I was a child.

Jane Eyre Character Essay

â€Å"The humblest individual exerts some influence, either for good or evil, upon others† said Henry Ward Beecher. Everyone has some type of influence on another, whether it is big or small, good or bad. For example, outside influences, such as other characters, can affect a characters actions and thoughts in either a positive or negative way. In the novel Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte, many characters influenced Jane, but Mr. Rochester and St. John Rivers had the most influence on her personality. Although the two men were very different from one another, they both had an impact on Jane’s transformation into a strong and independent women thought their actions, love, and influence. Mr. Rochester differs greatly with St. John though their outlook on religious and moral beliefs. â€Å"I advise you to live sinless; and I wish you to die tranquil.† (p.398) Mr. Rochester is portrayed as a sinner because he did not inform Jane that he was still married to Bertha Mason. His desire to keep Jane at Thornfield as his mistress displayed his lack of morality. While Mr. Rochester is passionate and desperate, St. John is cold and determined. St. John’s somber personality is made clear when he said, â€Å"I want a wife: the sole helpmeet I can influence efficiently in life and retain absolutely till death. (p.506) St. John, unlike Mr. Rochester, followed religious principles and moral values. These two men are both the most influential males in her life, but they are both so different from one another. Although Mr. Rochester and St. John had very different beliefs, they both brought out changes in Jane’s character. If Jane were to accept Rochester’s first proposal, she would had sacrificed her dignity for love. â€Å"I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself.† (p.398) Jane does not accept his proposal in marriage in order to preserve her self-esteem. This struggle with Rochester farther developed her morality and self-worth. In refusing his marriage proposal because he has a wife, she became morally superior to him. Jane was able to keep her moral value through sacrificing her feelings for what was right. St. John longed to marry Jane and invited her to accompany him on his missionary trip to India. He says, â€Å"God and nature intended you for a missionary’s wife. It is not personal, but mental endowments they have given you: you are formed for labor, not for love.† (p.502) St. John thought Jane would make a great missionary’s wife because of her morals. Jane replies saying, â€Å" Oh! I will give my heart to God, you do not want it.† (p.507) As the quote shows, if Jane was to accept St. John’s proposal, she knew she would be settling on someone that did not truly love her, nor did she truly love in return. Though this experience Jane realizes love can on be found in a relationship with mutual feelings. Therefore Jane denies St. Johns love for her and his marriage proposal. Through Jane’s obstacles throughout the novel, she overcame her weaknesses. The influences from both Mr. Rochester and St. John shaped her character, strengthened her moral principles, and taught her to make the right choices. With each situation Jane made the right decisions. The two men, although completely diverse from one another, they both played a vital role in Jane’s growth as a character.

Alzheimer Disease Not Just Memory Loss Essay Example

Alzheimer Disease Not Just Memory Loss Essay Example Alzheimer Disease Not Just Memory Loss Essay Alzheimer Disease Not Just Memory Loss Essay Mem?ry loss ?s like ?n old age wh?re ?t ?s ? c?nd?ti?n which m?nk?nd h?s always reluct?ntly recognized ?nd always w?th resign?ti?n. Mem?ry loses ?r? s?metimes trivial ?nd me?n?ngless ?nd g? unrecognized. Howev?r, when th?se losses ?r? s? gre?t th?t ? p?rs?n does n?t kn?w who ?r wh?re th?y ?r? th? c?nc?rns ?r? qu?te grave. Although ?t ?s realize th?t Alzheim?rs d?se?se destroys th? bra?n mem?ry functi?n, m?ny do n?t realize prec?sely how th? mem?ry ?s destroyed ?nce ?ne ?s aw?r? ?f th? process; ?t b?comes f?st?r t? w?rk f?rw?rd t? ?llevi?te th? destructi?n.W?thout mem?ry th?re ?s n? kn?wledge t? recre?te ?r reproduce p?st p?rcepti?ns, emoti?ns, thoughts ?nd acti?ns th?t ?r? s? v?tal t? live ? full ?nd functi?n?ng l?fe. Mem?ry ?s th? key th?t unlocks do?rs th?t keep us functi?n?ng, n?t ?nly ment?lly but physic?lly. Discussion As ? new era dawns up?n us m?ny people f?nd th?mselves ask?ng th? questi?n; Wh?t is Alzheimers Disease? Alzheimers Disease t?day affects almost ?ll people ?n so me way. S?nce th? amount ?f lives this disease affects c?nt?nues t? ?ncrease epidemiologists have named Alzheimers Disease, Th? Disease ?f th? Century. Edw?rds?n, 2007, p361-362) ?n 1906 ? Germ?n neurologist Alois Alzheimer perf?rmed ? neurological aut?psy ?n ? 56-ye?r-old wom?n who had suffered deteri?r?t?ng mental health f?r m?ny ye?rs b?f?re her de?th. Alzheimer noticed ? dis?rg?niz?ti?n ?f nerve cells ?n her cerebral c?rtex, th? ?rea ?f th? bra?n resp?nsible f?r c?ntroll?ng mem?ry ?nd reas?n?ng. Th?re were two odd?ties he found. Th? first was ?n accumul?ti?n ?f cellul?r debris surround?ng th? nerves he c?lled this senile plaque. Th? sec?nd odd?ty were groups ?f nerves th?t were bunched ?nd twisted he c?lled this neur?fibrill?ry t?ngles. n th? follow?ng ye?rs as m?re aut?psies were c?nducted th? same odd?ties th?t were found ?n 1906 were found ?n p?tients display?ng th? same sympt?ms. ?t th?t time ? prestigious Germ?n psychi?trist, Emil Kraepel?n, proposed nam?ng th? disease ?n h ?n?r ?f ?ts discoverer Alois Alzheimer. (First, 2008, p56-88) Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimers Disease is ? chr?nic bra?n dis?rder th?t destroys ?nes abil?ty t? reas?n, rememb?r, imag?ne ?nd le?rn. Th? disease is also known as senile dementia ?r pre-senile dementia. Dementia refers t? th? lost ?f mental health. Th? term senile me?ns old. Pre-Senile refers t? those p?tients less th?n 65 ye?rs ?f age. Lesi?ns ?n bra?n cells th?t take th? f?rm ?f senile plaques ?nd neur?fibrill?ry t?ngles cause Alzheimers Disease. Healthy bra?n tissue is n?rm?lly ?rr?nged ?n ?n ?rg?nized p?ttern. Th?se knots ?nd t?ngles throw th? bra?n ?nt? mass c?nfusi?n tak?ng over ?nd destroy?ng healthy bra?n tissue. This causes th? bra?n cells t? st?p functi?n?ng. Recently ? prote?n Tau has b?en discovered ?n th?se t?ngles ?nd knots. This prote?n is found ?n healthy bra?n cells, but is found ?n much l?rger qu?nt?ties surround?ng ?reas affected by this disease.Oth?r ailments have b?en l?nked t? th? ?nset ?f th? disease. Th?se ?nclude head trauma, problems w?th th? immune system, blood c?ncer, thyroid problems ?nd Downs Syndrome. Stages ?f Alzheimer’s Disease Th?re ?re four dist?nct stages ?f progressi?n. Th? progressi?n ?f Alzheimers c?n take from three t? fourteen ye?rs. This time sp?n is based ?n th? time from diagnosis t? de?th. ?ll p?tients g? through th?se stages just ?t d?fferent r?tes. Th? first stage ?f Alzheimers th? p?tient experiences ? slow?ng down ?f m?ny fact?rs ?f b?havi?r. Th?y have less energy, slow t? le?rn new th?ngs, ?nd th?ir reacti?n time decreases.P?tients experience ?nly mild f?rgetfulness ?f recent events, famili?r people ?nd places. Th?y have ? decrease ?n judgment, ?nd trust. Also, th?y b?come ?ncreas?ngly stubb?rn ?nd restless. M?ny people ?re unaw?re ?f th? presence ?f ? disease b?cause frequently mem?ry loss is comm?n ?n th? elderly due t? f?tigue ?r ? period ?f sickness. (Gelb, 2006, p1393-1400) ?n th? sec?nd stage th? p?tient b?comes ?ncreas?ngly f?r getful ?nd has m?re trouble rec?ll?ng recent occurrences. Th?y have d?fficulty ?n skills such as decisi?n mak?ng, pl?nn?ng ?nd judgment.Th? p?tients speech ?nd comprehensi?n b?come much slower ?nd ?ften loose th?ir tra?n ?f thought ?ften. Th?y ?re usu?lly able t? complete comm?n tasks but need assist?nce w?th m?re complic?ted ?nes. Th?y must b? given cle?r ?nd repe?ted ?nstructi?ns by c?regivers. Victims st?rt t? b?come aw?re ?f illness ?nd b?come depressed, irr?table, restless, ?nd soci?lly w?thdrawn. ?n th? third stage Alzheimer p?tients loose ?ll abil?ty t? recognize famili?r people ?nd places. Th?y have trouble complet?ng simple everyday tasks like e?t?ng, b?th?ng, gett?ng dressed ?nd us?ng th? t?ilet.Th?y lack ?nterest ?n pers?nal hygiene ?nd loose ?ll sexual ?nst?ncts. Th?y have d?fficulty communic?t?ng verb?lly. P?tients ?re easily ag?t?ted ?nd deny th?y ?re ill. Th? fourth stage ?f Alzheimers Disease is th? stage th?t ultim?tely leads t? de?th. P?tients ?re unable t? recogni ze th?mselves ?nd close family memb?rs. Th?y b?come b?dridden; ?nd ?nly slight useless movements ?re made. Th? ?nly way ?f communic?ti?n th?y use is scream?ng out. Diagnosis ?f Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis ?f this disease is very d?fficult. Doct?rs ?re ?nly 100% certa?n ?f th? presence ?f th? disease from aut?psies ?fter de?th.Diagnosis is based ?n th? judgment ?f physici?ns ?nd th?ir experience w?th Alzheimers Disease. Current accuracy ?f c?rrect diagnosis is 90%. Recently th?y have discovered ? way t? test th? level ?f Tau prote?n; this has helped w?th c?rrect diagnosis. Sometimes mental tests ?re run t? test th? mem?ry, le?rn?ng skills, l?nguage skills, ?nd th? abil?ty t? follow ?nstructi?ns. (H?rm?n, 2005, p155-187) M?ny people also questi?n th? hered?ty ?f th? disease. ?t has b?en found th?t some f?rms ?f th? disease ?re hered?t?ry. Th? Pre-Senile Alzheimers which usu?lly sets ?n ?n ? pers?n ?round 40, 50 ye?rs ?f age is found t? b? hered?t?ry.Th?re ?re three types ?f g enetic prote?ns th?t have b?en l?nked t? Alzheimer p?tients apoliprote?n E2, E3, ?nd E4. Those who ?nher?t E4 have ? higher ch?nce ?f develop?ng th? disease. ?ne scientist, B?rb?ra Talamo, has discovered th? tissue found ?n th? upper nose g?es through th? same ch?nges th?t th? cerebral c?rtex tissue g?es through. She pl?ns ?n f?nd?ng out ?f this tissue found ?n th? nose deteri?r?tes ?t th? same r?te ?f th?t found ?n Alzheimer p?tients. ?f so this could lead t? th? e?rly diagnosis ?f Alzheimers. Tre?tment ?f Alzheimer’s Disease Currently tre?tment is focus?ng ?n slow?ng progressi?ns ?nd cop?ng w?th sympt?ms. ne drug, THA, is ? drug th?t helps t? boost levels ?f acetylchol?ne, ? chemical th?t is ?nvolved ?n mem?ry. Two FDA approved drugs bng tested ?re Tacr?ne ?nd D?nepezil th?se drugs ?re also t? help mem?ry. Although, th?se drugs cause side affects, D?nepezil is found t? cause nausea, cramps ?nd lose ?f appet?te. Estrogen f?r women has b?en found t? have ? pos?tive affect ?n Alzheimer p?tients mental decl?ne. ?t helps mem?ry, l?nguage skills, ?nd th? abil?ty t? c?ncentr?te. Nicot?ne has also b?en found t? slow th? f?rm?ti?n ?f senile plaque, improve mem?ry, le?rn?ng ?nd c?ncentr?ti?n.Doct?rs do not suggest this use ?f tre?tment ?t ?ll; nicot?ne causes lung c?ncer, emphysema, high blood pressure, he?rt ?ttacks ?nd strokes. Currently 4 milli?n people ?n America have b?en diagnosed w?th Alzheimers Disease. ?t is projected w?th th? ag?ng Baby Boomers th?t 14 milli?n people will b? diagnosed ?n th? upcom?ng ye?rs. (Salib, 2008, p12-43) Drugs t? Aid ?n th? Tre?tment Th?re ?re currently two drugs t? aid ?n th? tre?tment ?f Alzheimer’s disease. Th?se drugs ?re ?nly effective dur?ng th? first couple ye?rs ?f th? disease. Th? drugs ?re c?lled Cognex ?nd ?ricept.Both ?f th?se drugs w?rk by ?ncreas?ng ? chemical ?n th? bra?n th?t w?rks w?th mem?ry. Th?y do not cure th? disease, but th?y do produce some improvement ?n p?tients. This disease is obviously ? h?r rible ?ne. ?t c?n rip ? family ap?rt, ?nd th?re is noth?ng th?t c?n b? d?ne about ?t. Hopefully, ?ne day ? cure will b? found, but ?n th? me?n time, Alzheimeraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s disease has t?tal c?ntrol over ? pers?n who is afflicted w?th ?t. ?t also has c?ntrol over th? family ?f th? pers?n afflicted w?th ?t. Almost every?ne ?n this country has some s?rt ?f tie t? this disease, ?nd this is why m?re rese?rch should b? d?ne ?n hopes ?f f?nd?ng ? cure.This disease affects 10% ?f those over 65 ye?rs old ?nd 50% ?f those over th? age ?f 85. ?ne-Half ?f those liv?ng ?n nurs?ng homes ?re liv?ng w?th Alzheimers. Seven out ?f 10 p?tients live ?t home; family memb?rs c?re f?r 75% ?f th?m; th? oth?r 25% ?f th?m ?re c?red f?r by hired c?regivers. ?t has also b?en found th?t 55% ?f c?regivers show some signs ?f depressi?n. Alzheimers occurs m?re ?ften ?n women ?nd ?n Afric?n Americ?ns ?r Hisp?nics. (Slo?ne, 2007, p98-132) Alzheimer’s Disease – ? Costly Disease Alzheimers Disease is ? very costly disease; ?t is th? third most costly disease ?fter he?rt c?nd?ti?ns ?nd c?ncer. n 1998 th? U. S. G?vernment spent approxim?tely $90 billi?n ?n medical c?re ?nd $400 billi?n t? rese?rch. This disease costs ? family $174,000 ? ye?r ?n c?re giv?ng ?nd ?noth?r $42,000 ? ye?r ?n nurs?ng homes. Medic?re is ? retirement b?nef?t t? those over 65 ye?rs old. Medic?re does cover some th? costs t? provide help t? th? p?tient such as nurs?ng homes. Th? extent ?f help v?ries by st?te. When se?k?ng help people f?nd th?mselves ask?ng, Where should ? g When should ? g When you feel th?t ? family memb?r may have th? disease ?r ?n need ?f mental ?ttenti?n you should first se? you family physici?n.Th? physici?n will determ?ne ?f th?y b?lieve th? problem t? b? Alzheimers. You should also br?ng medical rec?rds ?nd ? list ?f ?ll medic?ti?n th? p?tient is ?n b?cause certa?n medic?ti?ns ?r th? comb?n?ti?ns ?f medic?ti?ns may resemble Alzheimers. ?n every commun?ty th?re ?re services ?ffered t? assist those people affected by Alzheimers, f?r p?tients, family ?nd c?regivers. Th? Illness ?nd Th? C?regivers Alzheimer’s disease affects th? pers?n w?th th? illness ?nd th? c?regivers. ?t is estim?ted th?t 1-4 people ?re c?regivers. Th? disease has ? l?ng dur?ti?n which impacts m?re ?n th? c?regivers. t c?n cause ? gre?t deal ?f emoti?nal stress t? c?regivers. ?t also has ? f?n?ncial impact ?n those who provide c?re f?r p?tients suffer?ng from Alzheimer’s disease. ?t is estim?ted th?t th? n?ti?nal costs ?f c?r?ng f?r p?tients w?th Alzheimer’s disease is $100 billi?n. ?t c?n also ?ndirectly cause loss productiv?ty, absenteeism ?nd w?rker replacement. (Edw?rds?n, 2007, p361-362) M?ny people w?th Alzheimer’s disease do well ?t home dur?ng th? ?n?tial stages. However eventu?lly th?re is th? need f?r l?ng term c?re facil?ties. L?ng term c?re is def?ned as help from family ?nd friends. t c?n also me?n regul?r vis?ts by home health aides. ?t might also me? n mov?ng th? p?tient t? ?n assisted ?r nurs?ng home th?t c?n provide twenty four medical ?ttenti?ns. Th?re ?re two maj?r types ?f l?ng term facil?ties f?r Alzheimer disease p?tients. ?ne ?f th?m is Nurs?ng home which provides room ?nd bo?rd w?th twenty four hour skilled c?re. ? licensed nurse provides this type ?f c?re. Th?re ?re special un?ts f?r people w?th Alzheimer’s disease. Th? envir?nments, activ?ties, philosophy ?f c?re ?nd staff tra?n?ng ?re based up?n th? needs ?f Alzheimer’s disease p?tients.Nurs?ng homes usu?lly have tra?ned ?nd supp?rtive staff who have knowledge about how t? adjust t? th? p?tient. Th?y have ?nf?rm?ti?n about each p?tient t? ?ndividualize c?re ?nd t? elim?n?te b?havi?ral sympt?ms. Th?re ?re special activ?ties which reduce ?nxiety ?nd ag?t?ti?n. ? nurs?ng home has pleas?ng sights, sounds ?nd smells. Th?y also have ? low noise level ?nd n?n gl?re light?ng. Some facil?ties also have secur?ty measures t? prevent w?nder?ng. ?noth?r type ?f l?ng term facil?ty is assisted liv?ng. This type ?f facil?ty is su?table f?r people who require pers?nal c?re ?nd general guid?nce but do not require ?ny specialized medical c?re.Th?y ?re g?od f?r people w?th moder?te functi?nal impairment. This type ?f l?ng term c?re promotes self directi?n ?nd p?rticip?ti?n ?n decisi?ns. ?t also focuses ?n ?ndependence, privacy ?nd dign?ty. ?t ?ttempts t? cre?te ? home based envir?nment. ?t is ?n ?ttractive opti?n f?r p?tients who se?k assist?nce ?nd ?ndependence ?t th? same time. (First, 2008, p56-88) Conclusion ?n c?nclusi?n Alzheim?r’s d?se?se ?s ? v?ry s?rious c?nd?ti?n th?t affects m?ny people. Th?y do n?t kn?w wh?t causes th?s d?se?se ?r why people get ?t, due t? th? fact th?t th?re ?s ? ch?nce f?r ?ny?ne t? get th?s d?se?se.People must take precauti?ns ?nd se?k th? advice ?f healthc?r? pr?fessi?nals t? b? tested f?r th?s d?se?se. Th?s way th?y have ? ch?nce t? g? ?n liv?ng th?re lives f?r ?s l?ng ?s possible. ?f th?y do n?t se?k c?r? th? n th?y have ? less?r ch?nce ?f liv?ng ? l?ng?r l?fe. Obviously, kn?wledge reg?rd?ng Alzheim?rs d?se?se h?s progressed f?r from th?nk?ng th?t ?t ?s just ? loss ?f mem?ry. Choos?ng th? b?st type ?f l?ng term c?re c?n b? d?fficult f?r c?regivers. Assisted liv?ng facil?ties ?re th? b?st opti?n f?r people w?th e?rly stages ?f th? disease. Nurs?ng home facil?ties ?re b?st f?r p?tients who suffer from adv?nced stages ?f th? disease.Th?s d?se?se produces ? full-blown dementia ?n ?ts p?tients ?nd affects milli?ns ?f people ?nd th?ir families. Th?se people ?nd th?ir families have special needs. C?nsequently, programs, envir?nments, ?nd c?r? approaches must reflect th?s uniqueness. Develop?ng ?n effective c?r?/s?rvice pl?n f?r ? p?rs?n w?th dementia requires c?r?ful ?ssessment ?f th?t p?rs?n, ? detailed pl?n, ?nd ?ttenti?n t? th? ?ndividualized needs ?f p?rs?ns w?th dementia. Alzheimer’s disease c?n cause emoti?nal ?nd f?n?ncial stress t? th? p?tient ?nd th? c?regivers. However th?re ?r e m?ny choices available which c?n improve th? qual?ty ?f l?fe.

Free Essays on African Women, Women Of The Third World,

Guinea West Africa obtained it’s Independence in 1958, as a consequence of its rejection on de Gaulle’s proposed new constitution. A socialist republic was immediately declared. The current Guinea government is now based on a constitution that was adopted in 1990 and went into effect in 1991. The new constitution established Guinea as a republic (Guinea, 1). This choice was to have important repercussions for the Guinean masses, imposing gigantic pressures on them. However, what happened to the Guinean woman? Where did she stand in the new order? Guinea was and is in a state of evolution, while still bearing the deep imprint of its cultural past. Ancestral values die-hard. In addition, in certain places and some circles they hold sway. However, it must be emphasized that Guinea is one of the countries that included the integration of women it its political program. It is one of the first states to promote a policy of integration and emancipation of women. When it was necessary to oppose the reactionary forces which sought to keep Guinea under colonial domination, â€Å"the women of Guinea armed themselves and took their place in the forefront of the fight against the enemy† (Cabral, 55). For example the heroic M’Ballia Camara, who was assassinated on February 9, 1955, and disemboweled while she was carrying the child of the colonials’ puppet of that period, David Sylla (Cabral, 55). The date of her death is celebrated as the National Day of Guinean Women. Guinea also has the highest rate of female participation in government of any African state. By way of comparison, in 1997 Algeria had eight women deputies out of a total of 261 while Guinea 22 of its 72 deputies were women (World Bank Atlas). Similarly, a woman, Mme. Malfory Bangoura, who had never attended a French school, was appointed Minster for Social Affairs and leader of the women’s section of the PDG (Parti Democratique de Guinee) (World Ba... Free Essays on African Women, Women Of The Third World, Free Essays on African Women, Women Of The Third World, Guinea West Africa obtained it’s Independence in 1958, as a consequence of its rejection on de Gaulle’s proposed new constitution. A socialist republic was immediately declared. The current Guinea government is now based on a constitution that was adopted in 1990 and went into effect in 1991. The new constitution established Guinea as a republic (Guinea, 1). This choice was to have important repercussions for the Guinean masses, imposing gigantic pressures on them. However, what happened to the Guinean woman? Where did she stand in the new order? Guinea was and is in a state of evolution, while still bearing the deep imprint of its cultural past. Ancestral values die-hard. In addition, in certain places and some circles they hold sway. However, it must be emphasized that Guinea is one of the countries that included the integration of women it its political program. It is one of the first states to promote a policy of integration and emancipation of women. When it was necessary to oppose the reactionary forces which sought to keep Guinea under colonial domination, â€Å"the women of Guinea armed themselves and took their place in the forefront of the fight against the enemy† (Cabral, 55). For example the heroic M’Ballia Camara, who was assassinated on February 9, 1955, and disemboweled while she was carrying the child of the colonials’ puppet of that period, David Sylla (Cabral, 55). The date of her death is celebrated as the National Day of Guinean Women. Guinea also has the highest rate of female participation in government of any African state. By way of comparison, in 1997 Algeria had eight women deputies out of a total of 261 while Guinea 22 of its 72 deputies were women (World Bank Atlas). Similarly, a woman, Mme. Malfory Bangoura, who had never attended a French school, was appointed Minster for Social Affairs and leader of the women’s section of the PDG (Parti Democratique de Guinee) (World Ba...

War Against Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

War Against Terrorism - Essay Example It was an act that shocked not only American but also the whole world alike. This is because the effect of the terrorist act was felt all over the world. The growing wave of globalisation has led to more interdependence between nations in the world and there is no one nation that can presume to be living in isolation. Therefore insecurity in one state has translated to insecurity in the whole word. The September 11 attack dealt a major blow to the deteriorating security situation of the world. This paper will look at the war on terror that began immediately after the September 11 attack. It will look at various discourses of the war and the progress that has been made on the war. It will try to assess whether the war has been won or it has been lost. The war on terrorism which is also called war on terror is a common term that is use to refer various religious military, political, legal and economical actions that were initiated by the US government in responding to the September 11 attack. The war was started with an aim of preventing further events of terror and curbing the growing wave of terrorism groups in the world. It was also started with an aim of scattering terrorism groups like al-Qaeda which had carried out the September 11 attack. (Horn Berger, 2004) The terror was crafted in polices and military actions that were aimed at chaining or eliminating the radical Islam movement which also started carrying out terrorism activities in other parts of the world. It necessitated the use of military action in order to drive out terrorism groups from their stronghold in Afghanistan and in other areas like Iraq. However the war on terror has remained a controversial issue even up to date and the pessimist argue that it has achieved nothing rather than making the terror groups more radical and more prepared to carry out further acts of terror. While there are those who believe that the war has help to curb terrorist activities in the world, there are others who think that the war on terror may take a long time to be won. This is because there are still various concerns about the war that continue to show the ineffectiveness in attaining its initial target of eliminating terror groups from the world. The US which has been the main crusader of the war has been accused for waging a unilateral primitive war which is not justified. It has also been accused of violation of human rights on the course of the war. For example the opening up of Guatanamo Bay has been one of the thorny issues in the world as far as the war on terror is concerned. Guatanamo Bay though opened as an interrogation centre has been turned out to be a torture den where some suspects have been held for more than five years without facing any justice. The war on terror has also been shown to be a violation of international law. As a citizen of the international community, the US and its allies have been accused of undermining the rule of law in the international community and waging the war on sovereign countries which have not been justified by the international community. In the presence of internal community and the UN which is supposed to have played a major role in arbitration of the conflict and the terror groups, the US and its allies were accused of ignoring the mandate that has been given to the international

Zeno's Paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise Essay

Zeno's Paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise - Essay Example By our perception of motion, we know that Achilles is faster than the tortoise and thus he can easily overcome the tortoise in any race. We can physically prove our initial hypothesis that Achilles can beat the tortoise in a race and see that Achilles will at some point outrun the tortoise by the distance he has covered in leaps and bounds. Space or distance has always been measured by our senses; our eyes can visibly see that the distance traveled by Achilles is indeed greater than that of the tortoise. But this is what Zeno intends to postulate in the first place: our senses should be discredited as they are illusory and motion is logically impossible. Zeno’s paradox about the footrace of the tortoise and Achilles is built on one basic assumption: that the race between these two has no goal or each runner cannot reach their goal. In that case, the tortoise and Achilles’ course of movement extends to infinity and this is where the absurdity lies; there is no race that extends to infinity else the tortoise and Achilles would forever be moving forward and there would be no race at all. This dialectic reasoning of Zeno implies that Achilles will never catch the tortoise in a footrace, but the deeper implication of this paradox lies in the conclusion that no thing, for example a tortoise, or no one, in general, has a limit. As grandiose as this profound and philosophical conclusion is, Zeno’s paradox suggests that man’s abilities are limitless, very great in amount and degree, or boundless, having no apparent end. This paradox about man then puts forward a notion that his actions extend through an infinite amount of time and space. Our actions cover far greater than our senses can perceive; they extend to the end of time and the end of the universe. This claim becomes practically absurd because we know that time and the universe has no end to begin with while man has through his own death. Going back to Zeno’s paradox, his conclusion

Stress and Immunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stress and Immunity - Essay Example Numerous empirical findings in animals and humans substantiate linkage between physical and psychological types of stress and immunological adjustments. Adjustments in the immune response have been reported to go with bereavement, unemployment, coping with phobia, divorce, work-related stress, examinations, exercise, etc (Rice 2000). This essay discusses comprehensively the relationship between stress and immunity. The first section gives an overview of such relationship; the second presents a brief discussion of the cultural and social influences on stress and immunity; the third focuses on the relationship between stress and schizophrenia, with a discussion of policy and practice implications; and last sums up the entire discourse. Stress and Immunity The assumption that stress can increase the likelihood of acquiring physical illnesses is not completely unknown. Proofs that stress can bring about physical ailment started to build up in the 1930s (Edworthy 2000). The term ‘ps ychosomatic disease’— actual physical illnesses that were believed to be brought about, to a certain extent, by psychological aspects like stress-- was known far and wide. The common psychosomatic ailments were asthma, tension headaches, peptic ulcers, eczema, and high blood pressure (Rice 2000, 64). These illnesses were not considered as ‘unreal’ physical diseases. The concept of ‘psychosomatic’ has usually been used wrongly to denote physical illnesses that are ‘imagined,’ but that is a completely distinct set of symptoms (Rice 2000, 64). Instead, according to Lovallo (2005), psychosomatic illnesses were regarded as ‘real’ untreated problems that were profoundly caused by stress. The term ‘psychosomatic’ illness has slowly been neglected since the 1970s because studies have reported that stress can heighten the development of a wide range of other illnesses previously assumed to be wholly caused by phys iological factors. Hence, it has become evident that psychosomatic illnesses should not be given a specific classification since there is nothing unusual about them (Rice 2000). However, numerous findings show that experimentally stimulated stress can weaken immunity of animals. To be exact, stressors like restrictions, shock, congesting, and food limit weaken different features of immune responses in animal subjects (Steckler, Kalin, & Reul 2005). Apparently, according to Ayers and colleagues (2007), stress can also have an effect on the immune responses of animals in natural environments. Chronic diseases have a harmful effect on immune responses and stress makes the capabilities of individuals to cope with these diseases much worse. Segerstrom and Miller (2004), in a comprehensive evaluation of three decades of empirical work on stress and immunity, report that constant stress can weaken ‘humoral immune response’ which defend the body from bacteria and other extracel lular pathogens, and ‘cellular immune responses’ which defend the body from viruses and other intracellular pathogens (as cited in Ayers, Baum, McManus 2007, 168). Moreover, according to Ayers and colleagues (2007), they conclude that the length of a stressful episode is a major aspect establishing its effect on immune responses. As stated by Steckler and colleagues (2005), lifelong stressors, like looking after a gravely ailing loved one or long-term joblessness, are