Piaget And Vygotsky Essay Example For Students

Piaget And Vygotsky Essay Regular day to day existence is described by cognizant reason. From going after food todesigning an analysis, our activities are aimed at objectives. This reason revealsitself incompletely in our cognizant mindfulness and halfway in the association of ourthoughts and activities. Perception is the procedure associated with speculation and mentalactivity, for example, consideration, memory and critical thinking. Much past and presenttheory has underscored the equals between the verbalized prepositionalstructure of language and the structure of an inward code or language ofthought. In this paper I will talk about language and comprehension and two famoustheorist who were both compelling in framing an increasingly logical methodology toanalyzing the procedure of psychological turn of events. Jean Piaget There are those thatsay that Jean Piaget was the first to pay attention to kids' reasoning. Despite the fact that Piaget never thought of himself as a kid clinician his realinterest was epistemology, the hypothesis of information, which, similar to material science, wasconsidered a part of theory until Piaget went along and made it a science(2000). Youngsters and their thinking procedure entranced Piaget. He started tosuspect that seeing how the kid's brain creates may find the key tohuman information. Piaget's knowledge opened another window into the internal functions ofthe mind. Jean Piaget has made major hypothetical and commonsense commitments toour comprehension of the beginnings and advancement of information. Phases of ChildhoodDevelopment In his work Piaget distinguished phases of mental development. He theorizedthat all youngsters advanced through phases of intellectual turn of events. Hediscovered that youngsters think and reason diversely at various periods intheir lives. Piaget accepted that everybody went through a succession of fourqualitatively particular st ages. They are sensorimotor, preoperational, concreteoperational and formal operational. In the sensorimotor stage, happening frombirth to age 2, the youngster is worried about increasing engine control and learningabout physical articles. This stage advances that thinking is based basically onaction. Each time a newborn child does any activity, for example, holding a container orlearning to turn over, they are studying their bodies and how itrelates to them and their condition. Piaget keeps up that there are sixsub-organizes in the sensorimotor stage in spite of the fact that kids go through three majorachievements. In the preoperational stage, from ages 2 to 7, the kid ispreoccupied with verbal abilities. Now the kid can name objects andreason instinctively. Piaget has separated this phase into the preoperational phaseand the natural stage. In the preoperational stage kids use language andtry to comprehend the world yet have a considerably less complex mode ofthought than grown-up s. They have to test musings with reality on a day by day basisand don't give off an impression of being ready to gain from speculations made by grown-ups. Inthe instinctive stage the kid gradually moves from making inferences basedsolely on solid encounters with objects. In any case, the ends drawn arebased on rather obscure impressions and perceptual decisions. It becomes possibleto carry on a discussion with a kid. Kids build up the capacity toclassify questions based on various standards. At this stage childrenlearn to check and utilize the idea of numbers. In the solid operationalstage, from ages 7 to 12, the youngster starts to manage dynamic ideas suchas numbers and connections. It is here that kids learn dominance of classes,relations, numbers and how to reason. In this stage an individual can do mentaloperations however just with genuine solid items, occasions or circumstances. Logicalreasons are comprehended. For instance, a solid operational individual canunderstand the n eed to hit the sack early when it is important to rise early thenext morning. A pre-operational kid, then again, doesn't understandthis rationale and substitutes the mental explanation, I need to keep awake. At long last, in the formal operational stage, age 12 to 15, the youngster starts toreason intelligently and methodicallly. The last stage manages the dominance ofthought (Evans, 1973). A formal operational scholar can do extract thinking andstarts to appreciate theoretical idea. The formal operational mastermind is capable tothink ahead to design the arrangement way. At last, the formal operational individual iscapable of meta-insight, that is, contemplating thinking. A focal componentof Piaget's formative hypothesis of learning and believing is that both involvethe investment of the student. Information isn't only transmitted verballybut must be developed and reproduced by the student. Piaget attested thatfor a youngster to know and build information on the world the kid must act onobjects and it is this activity that gives information on those items (Sigel,1977). The capacity to get familiar with any subjective substance is constantly identified with theirstage of scholarly turn o f events. Youngsters who are at a specific stage can't betaught the ideas of a higher stage. Scholarly development includes threefundamental procedures: digestion, convenience, and equilibration. Position Paragraph Assignment EssayArguments and Comparisons Egocentric discourse is appeared differently in relation to socializedspeech. At the end of the day it is non-social, non-open to other people. It isspoken for saying it. It is normally found in three to five yearolds. Egocentric discourse is part into three classes. They are repetition,monologue (verbally processing) and double/aggregate monolog. Vygotsky contends thatspeech moves from informative ?social speechâ ¦ to inward egocentricspeech. Piaget proposes the inverse. He accepts that kids start by voicinga individual exchange and move to social discourse. Piaget contends that egocentricspeech leaves with development while Vygotsky claims that it becomesinternalized as a grown-up. Vygotsky found that a kid talked egocentrically whenhe was getting a handle on or curing a circumstance. Correlations of Piaget (PG) andVygotsky (VG) convictions on egocentric discourse are as per the following: (PG)- Development ofthinking-La nguage moves from individual to social. (VG)- Development ofthinking-Language moves from the social to the person. (PG)- Egocentric Speech is essentially a backup to a youngster s activities (VG)- Egocentric discourse isn't backup: it causes kid to reason (PG)- Egocentric discourse shows up first, ceases to exist and is supplanted by mingled speech(VG) Egocentric discourse isn't first: it offers voice to internalized?socialâ ¦ or ?innerâ ¦ discourse. Egocentric discourse doesn-twither; it develops upwards into internal discourse (PG) Three key perceptions aboutegocentric discourse T It is discernible and not murmured T It happens whena kid thinks the others comprehend his egocentric talk T It happens whenchildren act together on an errand, not the only one (VG)- His analyses seriouslychallenged Piaget-s three key perceptions about egocentric discourse InThought and Language, Vygotsky (1962) investigated Piagets work. Vygotsky believedthat Piaget had built up a clinical technique t hat reformed the investigation ofchildrens language and thought. Be that as it may, Vygotsky likewise attested that there weresome imperfections in Piagets techniques. Piaget joined brain science and theory eventhough he attempted to abstain from speculating. He neglected the job of the childsactivity with connection to points of view. Vygotsky additionally differ withPiagets presumption that advancement couldn't be obstructed or quickened throughinstruction. In rundown, Vygotsky was condemning of Piagets presumption thatdevelopmental development was autonomous of experience and dependent on a universalcharacteristic of stages. Vygotsky accepted that scholarly advancement wascontinually developing without an end point and not finished in stages as Piagettheorized. In spite of the fact that Vygotsky was disparaging of Piaget, he understood the importanceof the data that Piaget assembled. Despite his reactions, Vygotskybuilt his instructive speculations on the qualities of Piagets. BibliographyEvans, R. (1973). Jean Piaget: The Man and His Ideas. New York: E. P. Dutton Co., Inc Lavatelli, C. (1973). Piaget's Theory Applied to an EarlyChildhood Curriculum. Boston: American Science and Engineering, Inc. Piaget,Jean, (2000) Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia http://encarta.msn.com1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights saved. Vygotsky, Lev (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA. MIT PressPsychology

How To Enable Readability Measures in Microsoft Word 2007

Step by step instructions to Enable Readability Measures in Microsoft Word 2007 The Readability Measures include in Microsoft Word and Outlook are useful instruments to quantify words per sentence, detached voice rate, the Flesch Reading Ease, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level in your archives. Together, they offer a proportion of the clearness in your business composing. Because of Corporate Geek for this away from of how to arrange Readability Measures in Microsoft Word 2007: To start with, click on the Office Button and afterward go to Word Options, as demonstrated as follows. In the Word Options window, go to the Proofing segment. In that area, check the choice which says ‘Show meaningfulness statistics’ and click on OK. When this alternative is empowered, you can check the clarity of any content by squeezing the F7 key. Microsoft Word 2007 will initially make a spell check of the chose content and, toward the end, it will show you the lucidness measurements. Instructions to Enable Readability Measures in Microsoft Outlook 2007 In Microsoft Outlook 2007, the strategy is marginally extraordinary. To start with, go to Tools - Options. In the Options window, go to the Spelling tab. It is a smart thought to check the two accessible choices: ‘Always check spelling before sending’ and ‘Ignore unique message in answer or forward’. By empowering these alternatives, Outlook will consistently check the accuracy of your messages before sending them. When you have done this, click on the ‘Spelling and AutoCorrection’ button. In the Editor Options window, go to the Proofing segment. Check the alternative which says ‘Show coherence statistics’ and click on OK. Presently, before sending an email message, Outlook will initially make a spell check of your message and afterward will show you the clarity insights. In the event that you didn't check the ‘Always check spelling before sending’ alternative from the Spelling tab, Outlook won't check naturally the lucidness of your message. You can do this physically by squeezing the F7 key before sending the message. NOTE: The clarity insights are not accessible for Powerpoint and Excel. You won’t discover them in the setup choices. In Microsoft Office 2003, the coherence measurements are accessible just in Word.

Evidentialist Method Apologetics Essay Example for Free

Evidentialist Method Apologetics Essay Presentation Rational theology comes in a few distinct strategies that are used to safeguard one’s confidence and furthermore to proselytize. One technique for rational theology is Evidentialism, otherwise called Natural Theology. Evidentialism is likely the most well known type of rational theology, if not the one that drives the field. Our present world requests verification and supporting information and Evidentialism focuses on the redemption of precise validation with the desire for carrying skeptics and criticizers to the realities of Christianity. Evidentialism keeps on exceeding expectations in the field of rational theology and does well in standing up to the major perspectives with the certainties of the Christian confidence that can be demonstrated with truthful examination. This survey will give the peruser a rundown of the Evidentialist Method, a study of the Evidentialist Method, and a rundown of a portion of the more mainstream Evidentialists. Outline of the Evidentialist Method Rational theology originates from 1 Peter 3:15 and is most appropriately characterized as giving a resistance. In his analysis, John Walvoord states, â€Å"(apologian, the â€Å"defense† which a respondent makes under the watchful eye of an appointed authority; (Acts 22:1; 25:16) for their expectation in Christ.† It is the impulse for Evidentialist rational theology to follow this call and try to â€Å"Always be set up to offer a response to everybody who approaches you to give the explanation behind the expectation that you have.† Another essayist, Dan Story, states, â€Å"This is ‘evidential’ rational theology, and it deals with the reason that the heaviness of the proof will consistently bolster Christianity and consistently discredit negating beliefs.† With the end goal for Evidentialism to be viable, it must hold to its reason of administering the realities about Christianity by setting up factuality. The Evidentialist can take any offered subject and use it as proof as they are animated by the antagonist’s want to consider rationale and reason. In Acts 19:8, the Apostle Paul was steadily â€Å"arguing influentially about the realm of God.† Yet, Paul saw totally that there was none other that could open the hearts of men with the exception of God (Acts 16:14). Investigate of the Evidentialist Method The Evidentialist Model for rational theology is a truly reasonable technique to be used in evangelism. The present reality requests physical, unmistakable confirmation and depends just on what can be seen and contemplated, and the Evidentialist is very versed in the common sense and viable utilization of the technique to explain God’s facts. The technique acknowledges the basic establishments of the non-accepting cynic and attempts to flexibly intentional truth to that singular territory. This explanation giving model has built up its viability in rational theology. There are two or three issues of concern with regards to the utilization of Evidentialism. One worry that stands apart is that it receives the idea that the fallen man can go to the notion of Christ as Savior. It is my conflict and conviction that beside the Holy Spirit man can't reach this resolution. In any case, I do feel that by means of the consistent proof introduced, God opens the non-believer’s heart. Story obviously shows the â€Å"Holy Spirit likewise convicts and persuades individuals regarding reality through extra-scriptural evidences.† Famous Evidentialists History shows that the strategy for Evidentialism has been used for a long while. There have been numerous unrivaled masterminds who have utilized the technique and have contributed significantly to the improvement of rational theology. In spite of the fact that the rundown is long, a couple of these men merit notice, William Paley (1743-1805), John Locke (1632-1704), and all the more contemporarily, Norman Geisler, William Lane Craig, Lee Strobel, Gary Habermas and Ravi Zacharias. These heavenly masterminds have all used Evidentialism in assisting rational theology. There is an association deserving of notice, Answers in Genesis, who utilizes the utilization of Evidentialism in disclosing creationism to serve the realities of God, which additionally incorporates the clarification of the Gospel to numerous non-accepting doubters that exist inside numerous mainstream evolutionist gatherings. End The Great Commission requests that all adherents be set up to protect their confidence and be prepared to offer a resistance for those convictions. There are many restricting perspectives that remain among men and salvation. At the point when these restricting perspectives are stood up to in an adoring and functional way, much misguided judgment can be scattered in a useful way. Utilizing Evidentialism, the world that wants validation, a technique driven regretful is exceptionally effective. Catalog Stall, Anthony Robert. The Two Faces of Evidentialism. Erkenntnis 67:3 (2007), http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/195447959 (got to January 18, 2013). Story, Dan. Protecting Your Faith. Terrific Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1997. Story, Dan. Connecting with the Closed Minded: Presenting Your Faith to the Confirmed Unbeliever. Amazing Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1999. Sudduth, Michael. Improved epistemology and Christian rational theology. Strict Studies 39:3 (2003), http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/197230405/abstract?accountid=12085 (got to January 18, 2013). Walvoord, John F., Roy B. Zuck, and Dallas Theological Seminary. The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition od the Scriptures. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1983. The Holy Bible: New International Version [ 1 ]. John F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck and Dallas Theological Seminary, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, Il: Victor Books, 1983-), 1Peter 3:15. [ 2 ]. The Holy Bible: New International Version, Biblegateway.com. http://www.biblegateway.com/entry/?search=1 Peter 3:15version=NIV (got to January 18, 2013). [ 3 ]. Dan Story, Engaging the Closed Minded: Presenting Your Faith to the Confirmed Unbeliever (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1999), 64. [ 4 ]. Dan Story, Defending Your Faith (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1997), 4.

A Passage to India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Passage to India - Essay Example As an underlying issue, it is very evident that Fielding and Dr. Aziz built up a certifiable fellowship. This owes a lot to Fielding's savagely autonomous nature. Not at all like other British authorities whom received a deigning disposition toward the local individuals, Fielding treated the Indians with a feeling of goodness and regard. He wasn't an optimist, yet he tended to move toward issues and individuals from a goal and liberal perspective. He didn't permit his view of India to be influenced contrarily by inclination or generalizations. These characteristics pulled in Dr. Aziz and recognized Fielding from the other British authorities. For sure, when Dr. Aziz was in this manner blamed for ambush by Adela, Fielding broke with the British and loaned his help to the Indians. So, the characteristics that permitted Fielding's kinship with Dr. Aziz to prosper were his freedom of brain, his own conviction in the idea of a target equity for all, and his quality of character in announc ing and following up on his convictions. Handling was a principled man and Dr Aziz regarded him along these lines. That there were genuine cutoff points to this fellowship, nonetheless, is certain. There are minutes, in the start of the novel, when Dr.

Global Threats to the US National Security Term Paper

Global Threats to the US National Security Term Paper Global Threats to the US National Security â€" Term Paper Example > The paper “ Global Threats to the US National Security” is a delightful example of a term paper on social science. Global threats to the National Security Council not only affects the citizen of the US but the world population at large. Recently and in the present, the world has seen threats to security that is brought about because groups of people have prioritized personal interests. The criminals make a bigger population suffer so that they benefit. The National Security Council is entrusted with protecting the interests of the citizens and deliberates to neutralize global threats. This article will address the current nature of threats and the major priorities that the National Security Council should deal with them effectively. Cyber crimes in the recent past have been the leading capital crime in the world. The cases have raised the concern of managers of big companies too. Cyber crimes have a wider range of activities that can affect the National Security Council. Indiv iduals and groups of people have been engaging in data hacking and violating copyright and software privacy (Glisson and Choo, 2017). The criminals can also steal global security data from the servers. In my opinion, if they can access information or massive weapons a lot of innocent people’ s lives will be at risk. Security information in the wrong hands can lead to more terrorism in the country. Terrorism has been ranked as the second capital crime after cyber felonies. ISIS is currently the leading group that has been an ultimatum to National Security. According to Mueller and Stewart (2017), terrorists bomb innocent citizens with the aim of sabotaging the country’ s economy. Terrorism is a global threat because many countries suffer major losses because of the bombings. The terrorists migrate into the country illegally and bring bomb-making types of equipment with them. It is a priority of the National Security Council to protect the lives of the citizen. For this reason, I feel the National Security Council should also prioritize and deliberate on terrorism. Rival countries with the United States who suffer from fallen economies make attempts for retribution of their domestic affairs. They suffer from bad economies and poor leadership. These countries use military forces to try and attack the country to prove their toughness. By so doing, those countries feel like they will make a name for themselves and make a grand statement on the grandest world stage (bell, 2018). Use of massive weapons to threaten the United States is a big threat because a lot of lives will be lost if they strike. The National Security Council, in my opinion, should beef up security to protect the lives and property of the States. These global threats environments have a major impact on the lives and safety of the citizen. The Security Council should treat them as a priority more than other national threats to and fulfill the promise of serving and protecting. The president of the United States has also joined hands with the Council to support the campaign against these threats. The immigration department should be more lenient to reduce instances of terrorists’ entry into the country. The defense department should also equip itself to dismantle weapons aimed at destroying our country. Security of files should be improved and strict measures placed for criminals of cyber felonies.

Use of Place and Setting in The Shipping News - Literature Essay Samples

Superficially, Newfoundland is merely the setting of E. Annie Proulx’s The Shipping News. More fundamentally, however, Newfoundland is instrumental to the action, characters and ideas of the novel. Newfoundland’s ruggedness generates the unique conditions in which the development of the protagonist, Quoyle, is possible. There, he finds a community in which he completely belongs and, in turn, develops resilience and a sense of self that allow him to overcome the past. The contrast between Mockingburg and Newfoundland also allows Proulx to discuss more obvious contemporary issues, such as rural decline and modernisation. Before looking at how Proulx uses place to develop the novel’s characters and themes, it is important to examine place as a literary technique to provide insights into the characters and foreshadow imminent events. Descriptions of the weather, natural environment and sea are constant, often beginning chapters or sections (including chapters 11, 15, 19 and 24). This creates a vivid impression of the remoteness and harshness of Newfoundland. Rather than didactically explaining why Newfoundland is so important, Proulx uses these snapshots to provide a more nuanced sense of significance. These descriptions also bring depth to the characters. When Agnis is recalling sexual assault at the hands of her half-brother Guy, she remembers ‘the clouds in thin rolls like grey pencils in a box†¦ Deepest silence, the vapour of her breath floated from her mouth†¦ She was eleven or twelve.’ (p.225) Her comparison of the clouds to ‘grey pencils in a box’ or the image of her breath on the air is not only haunting, but also very child-like. The vividness of her memories suggests that the impact this event had on Agnis was very severe.Further, Proulx uses place to foreshadow the action that is about to occur. Just before Billy Pretty and Tert Card have an argument about the future of Newfoundland, Quoyle describ es the bay crawling with ‘whitecaps like maggots seething in a broad wound. A rough morning.’ (p.197). The image of the rough seas echoes the rough morning Quoyle does in fact have, finding himself in the middle of Pretty and Card’s argument. Similarly, prior to Nutbeem’s party ‘a warm fluke, a tongue of balmy air, licked out from the mainland and tempered the crawling ice margins.’ (p.250) Despite the unfortunate events that occur at the party, this rare and enjoyable change in the weather foreshadows a rare and mostly enjoyable night. The first idea from The Shipping News that is inextricably linked to place is the need to overcome the past. In Newfoundland, Quoyle develops resilience, an acceptance of the nature of life and death, and an understanding of his ancestors, all of which allow him to deal better with trauma. The Killick-Claw community demonstrates to Quoyle that life is a constant struggle that requires adaptability. One small ex ample of this is Quoyle’s changing approach to the local food. At the beginning, he thinks the coffee is ‘filthy’ (p.53), but by the novel’s end he admits that ‘fried bologna isn’t bad’ (p.252). This adaptability is reinforced by the behaviour of other characters around him. The Aunt embodies practicality; in the way she relocates to Newfoundland, trains herself in an entirely new career and even makes tea in used-soft drink cans when they first arrive (p.41). Likewise, when Quoyle asks Nutbeem why he is so calm about the wreckage of his boat, he replies ‘no use crying in my beer’ (p.268). This is a nonchalant response to an understandably devastating event. The influence of these people on Quoyle results in his change in sentiment towards Petal. When the Aunt first arrives, Quoyle tells her that Petal was just ‘starved for love’ (p.23) – he even attaches sentimental value to the eggs she gives him inste ad of a proper Christmas present (p.281). Eventually, Quoyle recognises ‘something now [he] didn’t know a year ago†¦ Petal wasn’t any good.’ (p.308) This is largely thanks to the role models he finds in Killick-Claw, who lead him, by example, through his grief.One specific problem that prevents Quoyle from moving on is his inability to come to terms with death. This is most evident in his failure to explain adequately Petal’s death to Bunny. When he tells Wavey that ‘children should be protected from knowledge of death’ (p.332), she asks him how, if they do not understand death, they can possibly understand ‘the deep part of life?’ (p.332). Newfoundland is instrumental in helping Quoyle come to terms with both death and the deep part of life. Quoyle is constantly surrounded by the sea and its danger. The Buggits, who become close friends of Quoyle, have lost their eldest child and nearly lose Jack at sea. These losses normalise death to some extent. Even Mrs Buggit is ‘surprising[ly] calm’ (p.329) on hearing about her husband’s death, because she has been expecting Jack to die at sea since they were first married. But it is not just the Buggits who face this fear each day – as Billy Pretty acknowledges at Jack’s wake, ‘the water is a dark flower and a fisherman is a bee in the heart of her.’ (p.332). Proulx uses this metaphor to illustrate both the danger and allure of the sea, and the dependence of the fishermen upon it. Quoyle is also helped to come to terms with death by facing his own mortality. He almost dies while retrieving the body of Herman Melville (p.211), and could have died if he had remained in Mockingburg at the time of the mass shooting in the office of the Mockingburg Record (p.291). In this way, death becomes a paradox: by being in Newfoundland Quoyle has come closer to death than ever before, but has also been saved from it. Quoyle ’s return to Newfoundland is another paradox, because while he wants to reject everything the old Quoyles were, he is also accepted into the Killick-Claw community because of them. Quoyle desperately wants to avoid following in his family’s footsteps. He does this first by avoiding Cousin Nolan as much as possible, and also by addressing Bunny’s alternative behaviour. Quoyle fears that his ‘weird kid’ (p.132) may, in fact, have inherited some of the negative traits of his own father and Quoyles before him. These characteristics are personified in the house on Quoyle’s Point, in which Quoyle is never really comfortable. He believes ‘the house was wrong. Had always been wrong, he thought†¦ That was it. In the house he felt like he was†¦ swallowed by the shouting past.’ (p.263). Proulx uses the destruction of the house both as a symbol both of Quoyle’s acceptance of the past and victory over the personality he seeks to escape. The second major idea in The Shipping News is belonging, which Quoyle finds in the Killick-Claw community in a unique way. The impact of different communities is shown through the contrast between Mockingburg and Killick-Claw. In Mockingburg, Quoyle has no friends but Partridge; in Killick-Claw, he makes friends with the Buggits, Nutbeem, and Billy Pretty to name just a few. In Mockingburg, Quoyle is emotionally abused by Petal; in Killick-Caw, he finds love with Wavey. This differentiated sense of belonging is even reflected in the quality of babysitter Quoyle finds: in Mockingburg, Mrs Moosup ignores the children and spends most of her time watching TV (p.15); in Killick-Claw, Beety Buggit cares for Bunny and Sunshine like her own. At a personal level, Killick-Claw gives Quoyle a much stronger sense of self. He becomes more comfortable with his body and realises he is, in fact, at a ‘prime physical point’ (p.327). It is clear the whole community is behind Quoyle and Wavey’s relationship when Alvin Yark asks Quoyle when he is going to ‘do the deed’ (p.303). This, along with his growing understanding of love, gives Quoyle the courage to approach Wavey. Finally, Quoyle has much more confidence in his abilities at The Gammy Bird than he ever did at the Mockingburg Record, which is shown in his adroit management of the front-page following Jack’s death (p.330). This accepting community is exclusive to Killick-Claw. The isolation and remoteness of the town mean the inhabitants do not feel the same pressure as the people in Mockingburg to conform to superficial modern standards that someone like Quoyle can never achieve. The shared struggle of life on the island also develops strong bonds between the residents, and highlights the need they all have for support from each other. Finally, Proulx uses Killick-Claw and Mockingburg to contrast the effects of modernisation, a very contemporary issue. As fish become scar cer and oil conglomerates start operating in Newfoundland, traditional ways of life die out. To some – particularly Tert Card – this appears to be a positive development. But to others it poses dangers. Billy Pretty is concerned about the possibility of ‘drugs and crime†¦ prostitutes†¦ alcoholism, moral degradation of the lowest kind.’ (p.199). For other characters, such as the fish plant supervisor, the harms are less tangible; ‘†they used to say ‘a man’s set up in life if he’s got a pig, a punt and a potato patch.’ What do they say now? Every man for himself.’† (p.200). This comment suggests that modernisation is weakening the traditional values of Killick-Claw; hardiness, practicality and mutual support. While Mockingburg may be superficially more developed than Killick-Claw, it lacks the latter’s strong bonds of community. These bonds stem directly from the remoteness and isolation of Newfoundland, and generate a tradition of cohesive and supportive community. The Shipping News is a story of one man’s journey, operating on two levels; a physical journey from America to the remote Canadian province of Newfoundland, and a spiritual journey towards self-confidence and contentment. These two journeys rely on one another. In this way, Proulx uses place both to contextualise her characters and to provide a resonance without which her novel would lack dimension. Newfoundland situates The Shipping News dramatically and poignantly.

Why Homeschooling Is The Best Education For The Modern...

There truly is no place like one’s home. Confucius said, â€Å"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.† The knowledge one gains at home, technically a child s first classroom, is the knowledge one will carry with them for the rest of their lives. This is why homeschooling is the best education for the modern generation. As the value on knowledge increases, making a decision on a child’s educational behalf, in order to give them the best possible future, continues on with complexity. There’s a variety of answers when trying to solve the problem of education, but many argue that public schooling is the correct answer. Yet one must consider is the most obvious solution best? The benefits associated with home education†¦show more content†¦Even though the option of learning to read and write was available, children learned just enough to handle basic concepts. The effectiveness of homeschooling was not in question during the e ighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Some of the most famous writers and inventors received the majority of their education at home. Thomas Edison, only attended three months of public school, and was taught mostly by his mother. Other famous homeschoolers include: Benjamin Franklin, Albert Einstein, Charles Dickens and Alexander Graham Bell. After attendance laws became effective, America began relying on public and private schools to educate children. Homeschooling soon became something practiced only by rural families, and within Amish communities. It was rare during this time for families to homeschool. Although in our modern day society, the National Center for Education Statistics, the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data related to education in the U.S. and other nations estimates, â€Å"Millions of students are homeschooled in the United States† (NCES). Demonstrating that homeschooling is becoming viewed as a reasonable option for education. More i mportantly families in the United States are realizing and taking advantage of the many benefits that come with educating a child in the home. A child’s mind is like a flower, if said flower is well tended to and given enough attention it will grow,

Organisational Behaviour - Ocb and Cwb - Free Essay Example

Walter Disney Elias - 1058 Words

Walter Disney Elias was born on December 5, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois to Elias Disney (father) and Flora Call Disney (mother). Walt was named after his dad Elias. Walt was one of 5 kids in his household: one girl and four boys. Walt lived most of his life in Marceline, Missouri, on a farm. Walt Disney first discovered his interest in drawing when he was seven-years old. Though he sometimes didn’t have paper to draw on, he used napkins or drew on what he could find. Walt made money when he was only seven by selling small sketches and drawings to his neighbors and people he knew. One time Walt convinced his sister Ruth to help him paint one of the sides of their house with tar, only to get in trouble by his mom. As a child Walt had many small jobs to help him make money; he sold drawings, newspapers, popcorn, and soda to travelers that passed by the railroads near his house. Education Walt didn’t start school till he was seven because his dad though it would be better if he waited a bit longer to start school. In 1910, the Disney family moved to Kansas City because Elias Disney bought a distributorship for the newspaper. Roy and Walt delivered the newspaper without getting paid for it. Once again in 1912, the Disney family moved to Chicago, Illinois because one night Roy decided to leave home and that put a lot of pressure on Walt for delivering the newspaper shortly after the Disney family chose to leave. Once in Chicago Walt, enrolled in to McKinley High School and tookShow MoreRelatedWalter Elias Disney746 Words   |  3 Pages Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5th, 1901 in Hermosa, Chicago, Illinois. Disney, unfortunately, died on December 15th, 1966, 10 days after his 65th birthday. He is well-known because of his family entertainment company. He had many accomplishments throughout his life, being an ambulance driver in WWI, incorporated Laugh-o-gram, created Mickey Mouse which lead to Steamboat Willie (A cartoon that synchronizes sound and animation), Mickey Mouse Club passes one million people, Three LittleRead MoreWalter Elias Disney Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesWalter Elias Disney is a very famous animator, producer, director, screenwriter, entrepreneur, and voice actor. Walter Disney was born on December 5, 1901 and died on December 15, 1966. This man is very well-known to children from the ages five to sixteen. Every child in America watches Disney Channel on television. The parents to these children know that the shows on Disney Channel were made to entertain children like their own. 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His father was a very strict and religious man who was known to often physically abuse his children. He was a building contractor when Walter was born, but soon after took over a farm in Marceline Missouri. Disney wa s one of five children born to the couple, four boysRead MoreWalter Elias Disney s Life1216 Words   |  5 PagesWalter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901, in Chicago, Illinois. His father was Elias Disney, an Irish-Canadian, who was a building contractor, and his mother, Flora Call Disney, was German-American, who was a public school teacher. Walt was one of five children, four boys and a girl. He lived most of his youth in Marceline, Missouri, where he began painting, drawing, and selling pictures to neighbors and family friends. In 1911, his family moved to Kansas City, where Walt acquired a loveRead MoreWalter Elias Disney s Life1693 Words   |  7 PagesWalter Elias Disney was born in December 5, 1901 in Hermosa, Illinois. Walt Disney was born to his two parents Elias Disney, who was an Irish Canadian, and Flora Call Disney, who was a German American. His siblings are Roy O. Disney, Raymond Arnold Disney, Herbert Arthur Disney, and Ruth Flora Disney. For most of his ch ildhood, he grew up in Marceline, Missouri. As a child, Walt would sell his drawings, painting, and pictures to his neighbors and family friends. In 1911, he moved to Kansas CityRead MoreThe Life of Walter Elias Disney Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesWalter Elias Disney Early life and background Walter Elias Disney, known as Walt Disney was born of the 5th of december 1901 in Chicago. His father Elias Disney, was an irish-Canadian and his mother flora call Disney, who is of English and German decent. In 1909 Walt and his younger sister Ruth attended the new park school of Marceline. The Disneys lived in Marceline for four years before moving to Kansas in 1911. While in Kansas Walt and Ruth attended the Benton Grammar school. During hisRead MoreWalter Elias Disney And The Construction Of Your Career958 Words   |  4 Pagesperson or fictional character? ? How are you different from this person of fictional character? How do you see these characteristic being used in the construction of your career? Walter Elias Disney, or Walt Disney as he is known to most, was born in Chicago, Illinois on December 5, 1901 to Elias and Flora Disney. He was the fourth child born, with three older brothers and one younger sister. Walt started to develop a skill for drawing at the young age of four; a skill that would eventually growRead MoreWalter Elias Disney : An Influential People Of The Twentieth Century1810 Words   |  8 PagesAndrew Hefley Civics 8 Mr. Ballard Rough Draft Due: 12/3/14 Walter Elias Walt Disney Introduction Walter Elias Disney can be described many different ways. Was he an entrepreneur, innovator, cartoonist, film director, or father? What was it that made him one of the most influential people of the twentieth century? It was his passion for innovation, his mind of wonders, and his loving and caring personality. This is why he is the icon that he has come to be known today. Early Life â€Å"‘Dad, I wantRead MoreWalter Elias Disney Was Known As A American Voice Actor,975 Words   |  4 PagesWalter Elias Disney was known as a American voice actor, film producer, entrepreneur and animator. Walt was born on December 5,1901 in Hermosa neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois. Walt’s parents were Elias Disney and Flora Disney. Elias Disney was born in the Province of Canada, while Flora Disney’s parents were descendants of German and English culture. Walt was the fourth born out of five children. His siblings, Herbert, Raymond, Roy and Ruth. At a young age Walt had a n interest in drawing , painting

Financial Accounting 1 - 4890 Words

FINAL EXAM 1 1. Which of the following is the fundamental accounting equation? Current assets + Current liabilities = Owners equity Assets + Owners equity = Liabilities Cash = Debts + Common stock Assets = Liabilities + Owners equity 2. On December 31, 2014, Track Record Inc.s sales people have ï ¬ rm outstanding orders totaling $1.66 million, which, it has guaranteed its customers, will be fulï ¬ lled during the month of January 2015. If Track Record includes the $1.66 million in its sales ï ¬ gures for 2014, it will be violating the: Materiality concept Historical cost concept Dual-aspect concept Realization concept 3. Which one of the following best describes a balance sheet? A description of the entitys operations over a period of time A†¦show more content†¦remotely possible economic resources may be sacriï ¬ ced in the future reasonably possible economic resources may be sacriï ¬ ced in the future reasonably certain economic resources may be sacriï ¬ ced in the future 11. The realization concept states that revenue is recorded when: It has been earned and realized or realizable All the associated costs have been paid in cash It has been received in cash 12. On its June 30, 2015 balance sheet, Barrows Corporation has total assets of $100,000, current liabilities of $40,000, and owners equity of $60,000. Which one of the following statements must be true on June 30, 2015? It has current assets of $40,000 It has no long-term liabilities? It has a cash balance of $40,000 raised through short-term debt None of the above 13. Turnadot Sons is a small wholesaler of decorative cast iron objects. The following events, related to a special customer order, occur as described below: †¢ August 5, 2015: Turnadot receives the special order for 200 outdoor planters at a selling price of $50 each, including delivery at a future convenient time and location. The customer, with whom Turnadot has had a long-term, trouble-free relationship, pays $3,000 as a deposit and agrees to pay the rest on delivery. Turnadot immediately orders $4,000 worth of planters from its supplier and pays a $1,000 deposit for them. †¢ August 27, 2015: Turnadot pays $3,000 balance due to the supplier upon delivery of the planters to its warehouse. †¢Show MoreRelatedFinancial Accounting 14806 Words   |  20 PagesMultiple Choice: 1. In general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at: a. Face value b. Current value c. Cost d. Estimated future sales value 2. Which of the following practices contributes to efficient cash management? a. Never borrow money – maintain a cash balance sufficient to make all necessary payments. b. 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All rights reserved. The Development of Complex Business Structures †¢ Enterprise expansion as a means of survival and profitability – Size often allows economies of scale – New earning potential – Earnings stability through diversification – Management rewards for bigger company size – Prestige associated with company size 1-2 OrganizationalRead MoreFinancial Accounting IFRS Edition E2 CH.1 Answer7691 Words   |  31 PagesCHAPTER 1 Accounting in Action ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE Brief Exercises A Problems B Problems 5, 6, 7, 11 1A, 2A, 4A 1B, 2B, 4B 3 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 1A, 2A, 4A, 5A 1B, 2B, 4B, 5B 4 8, 9, 12, 13, 2A, 3A, 14, 15, 16, 17 4A, 5A 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B Learning Objectives Questions Do It! Exercises 1. Explain what accounting is. 1, 2, 5 1 1 2. Identify the users and uses of accounting. 3, 4 1 2 3. Understand why ethics is a fundamental business concept. 4. 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Medea can be forgiven for her rage but not her calculation Free Essays

Medea’s rage is a result of Jason’s betrayal, and with both desire and passion, it prompts her calculation- causing her to commit unimaginable crimes. Her rage is forgivable, yet her actions that follow are contemptible. Jason’s betrayal is recurring throughout the novel, and as it progresses, Medea’s fury worsens also. We will write a custom essay sample on Medea can be forgiven for her rage but not her calculation or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Jason claims â€Å"he has acted like a true friend† to Medea and his children, Medea reacts angrily, knowing that he has acted in contrast. Jason’s obliviousness to his actions and lies insults Medea, forming her resentment to develop. Although Medea’s calculation doesn’t add up to Jason’s betrayal, he is still to blame for being the cause of such frenzy. Medea’s rage, passion, and desire for Jason are the origin of her actions. For Medea to â€Å"suffer the mockery of her enemies† was something she wouldn’t tolerate. Her vindictive mind allowed her to believe that she would rather do wrong, than be ridiculed by Jason, Glauce and Creon. By killing her children, Glauce and Creon, Medea knew she would â€Å"have her claws† in Jason’s heart as he deserved. These children live no more; I say this to wound your heart†. Medea commits these actions to hurt Jason and get revenge, yet was unaware of the extent of which they would affect her. The audience is unable to distinguish Medea’s rage from her calculation as they are all a source of the same cause. â€Å"My passion is master of my reason, passion that causes the greatest suffering in the world†. Medea knows that in order for her to pursue with murdering her children, she will have to suffer tremendously. Her manipulation and vigilant arrangements allows her to accomplish results which reflect on her fury and â€Å"special knowledge†. Although Jason is to blame for Medea’s rage, the results are solely Medea’s fault. We are able to sympathise with Medea; to some extent, for the distress she undergoes through killing her children. Although Medea cannot be forgiven for her actions, the audience is able to understand the reasons for the revengeful way Medea retorted. Neither Jason nor Medea can be forgiven for their actions, but condemned. How to cite Medea can be forgiven for her rage but not her calculation, Papers

Case Study Tale of two airlines Free Solution Click Now

Question: Write a latter Tale of Two Airlines. Answer: To: Elizabeth Windsor Chief Executive Officer From Research Analyst Date: 21.06.2015 Re: Context line: Based on the case study of tale of two Airlines- London-based Airline and Atlanta-based Airline, the report is analyzed the essential contribution of the technological advancement for an organization. Due to technological deficiencies, passengers of the London based airline faced significant flight delays. Thus results cancellation of flights, angry passengers at terminal and so on. On the other hand, Atlanta Hartsfield, one of the nations busiest airports has faced many issues related general stress and pressure of all staff of airlines (Warren Macfarlan 2002). This report identifies substantial pressures and opportunities to accomplish long-term service for customers or recommended hostility through their performances. Action line: Airline service is completely depends on favorable weather. According to the case study, Professor McPherson faced several difficulties in the way of catching flights from Hartsfield Airport to reach the London based airport for his meeting. The bottom line of the case study is the expectation of what constitutes good service have enhanced dramatically. The airline flying to London was delayed due to bad weather, the efficient security services of the first class cabin crew members and un-integrated services by the airport authority with the pilot of the airline. To resolve all these identified problems, the new technologies require fundamental changes I training and attitudes. Recommendation shall be applied for several areas such as usage of electronic devises for improved security services, production line transformation as well as transformation of organization. Rest of the memo: To improve the service of the London-based Airline, the business environment needs to be changed. Here the passenger security check system needs to be transformed under to provide full security to their entire customer. To transform this weakness into the potential strength, the London based airport needs to ensure early warning of suspicious behavior by introducing the intrusion detection, monitoring equipment and security guarding responses (Warren Macfarlan 2002). Furthermore, an integrated database system needs to be developed. By using multiple, integrated technologies, the airport can detect intruders and can be possible to tract them in real time (Pierson and Sterman 2013). In the case study, Mr. Professor Roger was travelling within checking his bags and it was not detected by the existing security system. Therefore, the structure of the information system is highly desirable for providing high level customer service. There are many strategic issues have been identified in the case study, The London based airline needs must attend passengers diligently. This has been observed that no agent was in the sight to attend the air bridge detection. It indicates operational deficiencies which need to be improved. Making it happen seamlessly requires the integration of the wide technologies with the current database so that the management can take the prompt decision (Prokhorova and Chobitok 2016). Furthermore, the substandard customer service and behavior of the cabin crew members also needs to be improved. For instance, the Atlanta based airlines was provided the commendable services from the entry gate of the plan to the reach at the arrival destination. Here the Atlanta Airline has already made changed in training and attitudes however, the other one needs to be improved their services. Prior airline has already provided services as per customer demand such as serving drinks as per personal preferences , tight wireless communication with the airport authority and so on (Warren Macfarlan 2002). All these needs to be incorporated by the London based airline for better customer services under the changed and more integrated organizational culture. References: Pierson, K. and Sterman, J. (2013). Cyclical dynamics of airline industry earnings.System Dynamics Review, 29(3), pp.129-156. Prokhorova, V. and Chobitok, V. (2016). controlling in airline enterprises management system.pnau, 66(1). Warren Macfarlan, F (2002).Tale of Two Airlines in the Network Age: Or why the spirit of King Goerge III IS ALIVE AND WELL. 1st ed. Harvard business school.a

Portrayal of Women in Othello free essay sample

Anmol Paudel Eng3UO 6th March 2014 Portrayal of Women in Othello Women are one of the powerful aspects of the society. They also are unit of our society and are equally important as man. As, per conception of the people women are created as a companion for men or vice-versa. Women plays the role like mother, sister, daughter, wife with a great responsibilities. Years back in the 15, 16 century women were more behind than men, the society was male dominating and the main purpose of women was to serve their men. As famous author â€Å"William Shakespeare† in his play Othello has express that the women are the combination of love, power, loyal and obedient, even if when it comes to the matter of life and death they are not afraid to reveal the truth. The character Desdemona has shown her loyalty, and has become obedient towards her husband Othello, and the second character Emilia has shown her loyalty and her duties, responsibilities towards her husband and mistress. We will write a custom essay sample on Portrayal of Women in Othello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And Bianca in the play is shown as working girl (prostitute) of low class which she falls in love with Cassio (lieutenant). Therefore, we can summarize that William Shakespeare portrayed women in a stereotypical role as the source of being honest and as powerful as men in the world of males in which they have to face their harsh time and he has also shows the role of the women in the particular society. Firstly, as Desdemona express her feelings and loyalty towards her husband (Othello). To begin, the above statement when the duke ask Desdemona to convey her message to the senate about Othello and her relationship in the council in front of her father she says: I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. You are my lord of all my duty; I am hitherto your daughter. But here’s my husband; And so much duty as my mother show’d To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess Due to the Moor my lord. (I. iii. 179-188) This quote of Desdemona can prove that how much she is into Othello and how much she respect and is loyal to her father. Above all, she also says that even she has to face death before her to love Othello she is ready to do it. However she deceived her father but the genius Shakespeare has shown her love towards the Moor that we cannot even count that she has drop her father status in the Venetian society by marrying a black man without the permission of her father. Again, after Cassio loses his reputation and he was kicked away from the post of lieutenant by Othello, Cassio goes to the general’s wife (Desdemona) to gain the post back if she can help him, as he is manipulated by Iago. And when he asks Desdemona she replies as: Do not doubt that. Before Emilia here, I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee If I do vow a friendship, I’ll perform it To the last article. My lord shall never rest, I’ll watch him tame and talk him out of patience; His bed shall seem a school, his board a shrift; I’ll intermingle every thing he does With Cassio’s suit. Therefore be merry, Cassio; Thy solicitor shall rather die Than give thy cause away. (III. iii. 19-28) In this quote she expresses her sympathy for Cassio for being accused in front of everybody and promise to Cassio to return his post as a favor to a friend. In addition, she also swear to him to do everything that a friend can do to save one’s post and if takes to the circumstance of relationship between Desdemona and Othello and even it is the matter of life and death, than also she is going to keep her words. This shows that an obedient and a loyal friend can even play with fire or face death to save one’s life. Shakespeare has shown the friendly relationship between Cassio and Desdemona in which the suspicion of Othello increases that leads to the great massacre (chaos) in which Desdemona have to lose her life due to the commitment to her friendship. And after she is stab by Othello than also she commits her husband as the incarnation of God, and save him by saying that she committed suicide, â€Å"Nobody; I myself. Farewell. / Commend me to my kind lord. O farewell! † (V. ii. 125-126). She shows far phenomenal strength than her husband that she never ruin the vows in marriage that she committed to do nothing wrong to her husband and always to love and serve him. Desdemona’s these lines is one of the finest line in the play which shows the love and affection towards one’s beloved and compared to Othello it seems him a pathetic excuse for him. Furthermore, she also ask him to take care of her even after her death to the Moor which establish how much she love, respect him. In addition, to this, a secondary source in which the author, Holmer, Joan Ozark has added the following quote in his article (Desdemona, Woman Warrior: O, these men, these men! ): Unkindness may do much. And his unkindness may defeat my life But never taint my love. (Medieval Renaissance Drama in England; 2005, Vol. 17, p132-164, 33p) This explains that even if the suspicion of Othello take her life but her love for Othello is same and always be same. She express herself as a love that cannot be broken apart and thus the trait (negativity) has kill her but not his love. So by this, Shakespeare through Desdemona reveals that express that love is the most powerful, than anything and it is prove she is loyal and honest to her husband. In this instant there is no doubt that how much she deserve respect. Therefore, Shakespeare has portrays Desdemona as the symbol of love, loyalty and innocent. Secondly, Emilia is the clever and is loyal woman in this play and has shown her responsibility towards her husband and her mistress. To start, when Desdemona drop the handkerchief by negligence Emilia takes it up and bring it to the Iago, â€Å"NO, faith; she let it drop by negligence, / And to th’advantage I being here took’t up. / Look, here it is. † (III. iii. 313-315). Even the audience knows that she has not stolen the handkerchief, she just pick it up and bring it to her husband as he had ask for her to steel it. In this scene she keeps her words not knowing that the significance of giving the handkerchief to Iago. Shakespeare shows in these lines that knowingly she takes the handkerchief just satisfy her husband so that he would show affection to her that a wise man should give his woman. This proves the loyalty, respect towards Iago by Emilia. As a strong character, Emilia also begins to defence the status (name/fame) of woman as the play moves ahead. When she talks with Desdemona she expresses her real meaning for (of) man. Emilia slowly begins to support her mistress and becomes far from husband and the moment after Othello strikes Desdemona, Emilia speaks of her mind, What is that they do When they change us for others? Is it sport? I think it is. And doth affection breed it? I think it doth. Is’t frailty that thus errs? It is so too. And have not we affections, Despires for sport, and frailty, as men have? Then let them use us well; else let them know The ills we do, their ills instruct us so. (IV. iii. 94-101). And describe man as only the user of woman and they deserve the curse of their mistakes, she explains about the capabilities, power of women that one can make her man ill if he is misusing her. And in this line Shakespeare portrays, that her crass, tawdry language warns men that one should better take a good care of his woman and treat her nicely and equally. As the play goes on Othello kills Desdemona and when Emilia is going to reveal the truth she is threaten by Iago to go to home but she disobey him, Good gentlemen, let me have leave to speak. ‘Tis proper I obey him, but not now. Perchance, Iago, I will ne’er go home. (V. ii. 194-196) And reveals the truth. Though it was the matter of her life and death but also without caring about it she reveals the truth and do a great favor to Desdemona, so that Othello can realizes his mistake and the love of Desdemona towards him. She dies the death of honour. As her mistress was already dead she would have not revealed the truth but also she deceived her husband and revealed it because to keep up her reputation her responsibilities, as a woman to another woman (Desdemona as her mistress). It shows that even if woman are in high or low post they can be good company between each other, like Desdemona and Emilia but in case of man, like between Othello and Iago there is always a rivalry and Iago is jealous of Othello but Emilia is not, instead she dies for Desdemona. So, Shakespeare has portrays Emilia as one of the strong character in the play that he mentioned through Emilia that women should not rely on men instead they should be more independent, strong and bold. Lastly, the character Bianca is obedient character in which she falls for Cassio. When she sees new handkerchief in Cassio’s hand she becomes jealous of that and become so curious about it and ask him, O Cassio, whence came this? This is some token from a newer friend. To the felt absence now I feel a cause. Is’t come to this? Well, well. (III. Iv. 174-177). In this line audience can notice that how much Bianca is into Cassio, how much she care about him and she is jealous to see a handkerchief in his hand. This shows that even if Bianca is working woman but also she too care for Cassio and wants to be love by him. As there is not much role of Bianca in this play but when Cassio is hurt by Rodrigo than at that time she says, â€Å"O, my dear Cassio, my sweet Cassio! / O, Cassio, Cassio, Cassio! † (V. i. 76-77). This shows her affection towards Cassio even if Cassio discriminated Bianca with Iago previously but also she fall for her. And when she is called strumpet by Emilia she refuses that and confront to be honest. Shakespeare portrays Bianca as despite of being whore she has a heart and which is for Cassio. In conclusion, Shakespeare has portrays woman as in the dominating creature in this play, thus, the main women Desdemona and Emilia dies but also they play a vital role in the play which shows love, power and dignity of the women of that time. He has compared three different class of women and their perspective towards men. He has portrays different side of women from these three different character. He has shown that woman can be as soft or harmless as Desdemona or Bianca and they can also be as invincible (bitter) as Emilia. And he has portrays the problem that women faces at that time and he gives the main theme that women should be treated equally as men, through this play Othello.

Bard High School Test Essay Sample - A Boost to Your GPA

Bard High School Test Essay Sample - A Boost to Your GPAIf you have a good grade point average (GPA) and an appreciation for literature, then a Bard High School test essay sample is going to give you the boost you need to overcome your GPA and get into college. This is not as easy as it seems, but there are techniques you can use to get a higher GPA and one of those is a good essay writing sample.If you study enough to ace your high school test essay, then you will be prepared for any college or university where the question in your test is how well you can speak about what you know. Whether you write an essay or a novel, a field report or a historical investigation, an essay will give you the platform you need to present yourself well to your professors.These tests are designed to expose students to different types of writing so that they will learn how to write essays well. A writing test will give you a sample of a good essay written by someone who has accomplished something great , whether that be a Pulitzer Prize winning novel or a winner of a national Spelling Bee.For example, if you were going to write a field report on North Korea, you would take a sample essay from a certain publication or just pick up the paper that your school's Writing Center publishes and study its style and structure. Next, read the actual essay and make sure you really like the way it looks. You need to see a pattern of words, sentences and paragraphs that you like and feel comfortable with.From a good sample, you will be able to decipher and understand the style and content of the piece. This will not only help you to hone your own writing style, but will also help to weed out writers who could really go far with their writing skills. As you move through the essay, note which parts are common to all the pieces written in this section, and which are distinctive to yours.Tbard high school test essay sample While this may sound simple, it is actually very difficult to master writin g good essays. You have to realize that writing a test for high school is almost the same as writing a great essay; you just have to put in more effort and know how to do it better. A good writer will be able to put a number of different approaches together into a coherent essay that contains the information that the author needs to convince his or her readers that he or she knows more than the reader does.The goal of a test essay is to find out how well the student can turn their knowledge into a coherent written piece that can stand alone on its own without much support from any background or supporting information. The best writer will be able to bring out the ideas that the teacher needs to relay in his or her lecture. So, put your school test essay into practice and your grades will climb!

Fourteen Amendment Reconstruction Essays

Fourteen Amendment Reconstruction Essays Fourteen Amendment Reconstruction Essay Fourteen Amendment Reconstruction Essay The fourteenth amendment reconstruction was generally a proposal intention that was objectively driven by the congress on thirteenth June in the year eighteen sixty-six. It was a serious effort commitment by the congress to propose it in the United States constitution as they had wished before. In order for this proposal to have become an official amendment, it was subjected to different trials and procedures which were to be successfully handled in order to be official as an amendment. Basically, the proposal has to achieve the ratification by the representative legislatures, who were supposed to be an origin from the required states in order for the proposal to achieve a successful amendment. Though the amendment was to empower, it was rejected by most states who were from the southern states, though this was not in a position of stopping the implementation since the requirement was fulfilled which was a ratification by the three-fourth of the states , known as the Reconstruction C onsidering the continuous positive progress that the proposal achieved, on twentieth July, eighteen sixty-eight, the amendment was able to be ratified and William Seward who was the states secretary confirm the certification on the amendment ratification, later after all the required procedure met , it was with pride fulfilling the intention of congress and was finally added to the federal constitution (Collins). Purpose of the 14th Amendment Purposefully the fourteenth amendment was to serve an integral role to some of the individuals who were by that time considered strangers in the united state; it granted the power for one to become a citizen through giving citizenship to all the individuals and members who were naturalized and born in the United States, generally this were a group of slaves who obtained their freedom and were now free after the civil war. In reference to (Scaturro) the fourteenth amendment had an important role to play as it was;; projected by the congress. Firstly, the amendment; was to help in the addressing of; the rights of citizens, it was to offer support and protection to the citizens rights considering the tradition which at one point was oppressive in nature and didn;t give freedom to all .additionally, the proposal was raised to curb the uncertainty and the level; of discrimination, that was being experienced during the that time, some selected people had no freedom to do a lot of things an d were existing and being kept as slaves to just work and not to be seen and heard. The amendment was to offer a solution to the improper treatment of the men who were freed after the war was over, through being granted citizenship, the amendment was so helpful , they become citizens who were now had the total right to enjoy their rights as part and parcel of one family of united states. : Since 14th amendment was favoring both African American and women, both the two parties tried taking advantage it; women mostly used it to demand their rights to be recognized as useful member of the society, they fight and demonstrated to sensitize on the prevention of woman discrimination, women wanted themselves to respected and to be recognized as useful members of the society. In this case, the amendment worked in their favor since they were able to fight for their rights. African American t one point became so rebellious and was now using the amendment to gain respect and make them known (Scaturro) Notably, this amendment was beneficial to humanity since it was able to forbid any state to deny any individual liberty, life or property without the proper process of using the law. It also forbids denial of any individual within its jurisdiction the fairness and balance protection of the law. The rule was applied to all black Americans except the Indians and the barred, who didn;t enjoy this privilege. The 14th amendment was so integral and crucial since it was able to solve and address apportionment. This gave; Blacks the respected they were craving for , the dignity and the stipulation of being appreciated and being able to identify as a whole individual and not half as the white ; used to refer to them before. Blacks were viewed as kids who were not able to reason as a grown up and make a; sound decision, this made black people be either be seen as kids or a half a human being whose brain have not well developed. With the 14th amendment, this perception was removed and blacks were now being able to be counted as one whole individual, evidently in the constitution, before when it comes to counting, or recognizing the presence of a black person, they were being counted as a fifth of an individual. This was not fair and it was a strategy to undermine black and make them work hard for the white people. Effects of the 14th Amendment on constitutional law Additionally, the application of the; 14th amendment had a great impact on how the government of united states was functioning, it placed a limiting standard on the amount of power the state government could own, this was contrary to the past where the state government had all the power which were even frustrating black people. Most of the protection that was implemented and added to the bill of right was only not active in the federal government; the same bill also impacted and was implemented in the states (McKitrick). This withdrew some power that state had and some restriction when it comes to the bill of rights was implemented. Limitation of the Amendment Considering all the good benefit that was associated with the fourteenth amendment especially to the black community, the 14th amendment was still in it circles associated with some limitation that the black didn;t enjoy. Though blacks were granted the full freedom and the ability to become citizens of United States through birth and naturalization, they didn;t enjoy the freedom to vote for the best leader of their choice. This still made them separated since they started feeling like they are not part of the full citizenship if they cannot vote and even elect the best leader to rule them. Blacks grievances of not being given the opportunity to votes were later considered in the fifteenth amendment, which took place in the eighteen seventy. Additionally, the 14th amendment made blacks have equal rights, when the federal law was involved and put into consideration. This was in return inserted pressure and at one point the federal government faced a lot of challenges implementing and hindrance in the policies enforcement. In most parts of the south, blacks were murdered and even kept franchised through methods like the poll taxes and the literacy test (Halbrook). Some groups that were dangerous for example as Ku Klux made a tough reconstruction by murdering the black people and even leaders from the republican side. Section of the Amendment ;Basically, the first section of the fourteenth amendment, focused on; immunities clauses which focused mostly on fighting against racism, it was majorly implemented to support the black and ,due process clause, was able to protect an individual through protecting individuals deprivation of life ,property, and liberty. In; citizenship clauses; a wider definition of citizenship, various ways one can be a citizen of united states and the role and responsibility of a citizen, privileges clauses, and the equal protection clauses (Berkin et al.). Conclusion In conclusion, the 14th amendment worked very hard in resolving one of the pre-civil war issues that were mostly affecting the African American, the amendment was in return quite beneficial since, it acted like a bridge, which brought the connection between slavery and total freedom. Blacks could receive citizenship through naturalization and through birth; this was a breakthrough from slavery since they were given the sense of belonging by acquiring citizenship. Through the amendment, the African America were given the confirmation of different opportunities rights and privileges of a normal citizen with equal protection of the law, this amendment was a breakthrough for African American. Work cited Berkin, Carol et al. Making America: A History of the United States, Volume I: To 1877. Cengage Learning, 2007. Print. Collins, Charles Wallace. The Fourteenth Amendment and the States: A Study of the Operation of the Restraint Clauses of Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Springer Science ; Business Media, 2013. Print. Halbrook, Stephen P. Freedmen, the Fourteenth Amendment, and the Right to Bear Arms, 1866-1876. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. Print. McKitrick, Eric L. Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 1988. Print. Scaturro, Frank J. The Supreme Court;s Retreat from Reconstruction: A Distortion of Constitutional Jurisprudence. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. Print.

A Definition of Amnesty

A Definition of Amnesty Generally, amnesty is defined as any governmental pardon for past offenses or crimes, especially political ones. Granting amnesty goes beyond a pardon, in that it forgives the said offense completely, and typically without consequences. For purposes of conservative politics, amnesty is a political term typically associated with two major issues: immigration and capital punishment. As it relates to immigration, amnesty is the term used for granting automatic citizenship to resident aliens, who are in the United States illegally. Amnesty for illegal immigrants is the subject of tremendous controversy since it essentially bypasses the citizenship and assimilation process essential to all legal immigration into the United States. As it relates to the death penalty, amnesty is the term used for when a governor grants a reprieve from execution to a prisoner sentenced to death. In this case, amnesty is different from a pardon in that it doesnt exonerate the condemned from all punitive action or absolve the convicted of all wrongdoing.​ Illegal Immigration Was the 2013 Gang of Eight Bill amnesty? The easy answer is: Not really. The 2013Â   immigration bill did not offer blanket amnesty. In fact, there were a number of requirements, penalties, and steps that needed to be taken in order to remain in the country legally, and not everyone would get to stay: The Gang of Eight bill is actually called the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013. It was a comprehensive immigration reform proposal originating in and passed by the US Senate. It was a Democrat-friendly bill that needed a lot of work and had a lot of poor elements to it. The eight members included Republicans Marco Rubio, John McCain, Jeff Flake, and Lindsey Graham and Democrats Chuck Schumer, Bob Menendez, Richard Durbin, and Michael Bennet. The bill eventually passed by a vote of 68-32. From a conservative standpoint, the bill was not very good and though it had provisions beefing up border security, they were ultimately toothless and gave far too much power to the executive branch. Immigration Reform If immigration reform fails once again, it needs to fail after both the Senate and House pass bills. If the House passes an enforcement-first bill that the Senate refuses to adopt, the Senate is equally responsible for reform failing. And while voters agree immigration reform needs to happen, they also agree that closing the border and preventing more illegal immigration is a top priority. If the bill ultimately fails it will be on those grounds. Democrats want little in the way of border security, increasing deportation of criminal aliens, or slowing down the legalization and citizenship process. All of these are crucial elements of any immigration reform. If they are absent, reform should fail. These provisions have broad support among voters. The proof is in the television and radio ads that members of the Gang of Eight are running. In those ads, the Senate bill proponents constantly talk about strong enforcement measures because they know Americans do not want to see the current scenario play out again in a decade. Of course, those measures have been trimmed out of the bill. If immigration reform ultimately fails because conservatives stood for these core elements it will be harder for them to be badgered politically. After all, the are holding out for positions with broad public support. That said, the Republican Party has never been known to play to their advantages well with the public. Pronunciation: amnistee Also Known As: acquittal, compurgation, exculpation, forgiveness, mercy, release Examples: Amnesty is a terrible policy, and its terrible politics. Its a terrible policy because you are rewarding people for breaking the law.- Tom Tancredo

Reconstitution against Renunciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reconstitution against Renunciation - Essay Example â€Å"Male fashion of the 18th century was less varied than female fashion as it consisted of the same set of garments throughout breeches, waistcoat and just a corpse† (Bender, 2006). What follows are photographs with brief descriptions of eighteenth-century male fashion.It can be seen from the above photos that the waistcoat with a slit at the center back was opened at the bottom end. The front edge of the just a corps was curved slightly, with a narrow torso. Stockings were sometimes worn under the breeches, and the shoes were square-toed, with small buckles. The sleeve cuffs also reached up to the elbow. Curly wigs were worn, but compared with seventeenth-century wigs, these were shorter in length. Gentlemen were expected to always have the following accessories: the tricorn hat, walking sticks and, most importantly, the sword as a status symbol, sticking out from underneath the coat’s slit. As a further status symbol, the slit was necessary for riding a horse.Chang es in eighteenth-century male fashion noticeably become more pronounced, as evidenced by the above photographs. It can be seen that the waistcoat no longer sports the flaring bottom edge, paving the way for the eventual tailcoat, and can be buttoned only at the chest. There are lesser decorations, indicating the advent of the "new simplicity" that originated in England and had, by this time, swept all across Europe (Bender, 2006). Cuffs were smaller, and the wigs changed up to the point when they were altogether done away with.

GUN CONTROL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GUN CONTROL - Essay Example Therefore, this paper will focus on the importance of gun control in the entire community. Most of the people claim to be in need guns for their self-defense but most of the people misuse them to trouble others. Most suicide and murder cases recently, have been as a course of firearms in most cases; it is not in self-defense (Lott 126).The controlling of firearms that are available to the public, will decrease the lives lost because people will no longer use the guns to cause harm. However, most criminals attack the unarmed people and avoid the armed, as they are harder to prey on. Therefore, as much as the general social safety is enhanced, the individual will not be safe. This is because of insufficient protection and they will fall prey to most criminals. Apart from self-defense, the members of the public who own guns use them for other purposes ways that are productive to the society while others are a threat to the society. The major one is hunting. Hunting is a culture in most communities and the banning of guns means that the culture has to stop its ways of living. It is very hard to find better options for cultures and the public will find it to be a hard task. This may lead some of them to looking for other alternatives that may be poorer and cause more harm to the society (Wuest 116). Firearms have been more protection to the women more than it has to the men. This is because the women are taken to be generally the weaker gender and are therefore more prone to attacks than males are. This is true to some extent because apart from general robbery, women are prone to rape. A woman with a gun is likely to scare of her assailant but an unarmed one is likely to be defeated because she has no protection that would much up to the attacker’s ability (Kleck 126). A national survey indicated that approximately 95 percent of the people with guns just have to wave their weapon to scare the attackers away and prevent the attack overly (Lott 97). Firearms ha ve also caused a lot of harm within the society through accidents. It is generally advised that guns should be locked when in the residences of the users but rarely do people follow this directive. This is because a locked gun has to be unloaded and there is really no need to carry around the gun. This is because it cannot protect the user (Kleck 277). This has led to many people leaving the guns loaded in their homes in places easily reached by the small children The small children are ignorant of the use of a gun and some of the older ones are adventurous. This leads to them using the guns, which inflicts harm to them or to other people around them. Controlling of the ownership of firearms will reduce the accidents in the residences of the owners and therefore reduce the deaths of the innocent children. Another positive effect of the gun power is that there will be expansion of other industries that deal with provision of security. The security industries should be licensed to pos sess guns to safeguard the society. The society will have to look for alternative methods to guard themselves and for self-protection. As a result, the industries that deal with manufacturing the equipment for self-defense will benefit. Protection against burglary in the houses can be maintained by use of a simple anti-theft alarm. This is effective and with no side effects on the owner. In self-defense, Stun and teaser guns are

Margaret Thatcher :: essays research papers

MARGARET THATCHER Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minister of Great Britian. Margaret changed many policies and she also defended strongly other government policies. An example of this was when Margaret Thatcher was Secretary of state for education and science. The government had to cut school funding by $300 million. She didn’t want to cut anything that had to do with the students missing out of education. It was her duty to provide the best education for them. The solution she had come up with would be one of the most unpopular moves in her career-up to and including her as Prime Minster (Hole 35). The decision she had made was to eliminate free milk from the lower grades. Free milk had already been eliminated from the older students of a previous labor government cut. She said â€Å" I took the view that most parents are able to pay for milk for their children, and that the job of the government was to provide such things in education which they couldn’t pay for, like new primary schools.† â€Å"Mrs. Thatcher, milk snatcher,† was screamed at her (Hole 36). When Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister the first thing she wanted to do was limit union power. She felt that union power applied to nationalized industrial monopolies resulted in poor service at exorbitant cost to the taxpayers. She pointed to inefficient work practices, overemployment and restrictive employment conditions such as the all union â€Å"closed shop†. These rules were dictated by union contracts and served to tie the hands of managers and the government alike. Mrs. Thatcher’s greatest grievance concerned the powers union leaders had over strikes ( Moskin 100). Margaret’s first targets were the closed shop, picketing practices, and the use of secondary strikes. During her first term in office, new legislation strengthened the power of individual union members against their leadership and provided for penalties imposed on unions that called illegal strikes. A law was enacted to compel unions to make strike decisions by secret ballot. The unions were getting very angry ( Moskin 100). The National Union of Mine Workers (NUM) had a strike thinking it would defeat the Tory government and Margaret Thatcher. The NUM wanted to promote more socialism in Britian with more nationalization of industry and more control of industry by labor. Because Mrs. Thatcher’s policies were exactly the opposite, his efforts were directed at toppling her Conservation administration.

Vocabulary

3 Developing Vocabulary in Second Language Acquisition: From Theories to the Classroom Jeff G. Mehring Abstract This paper examines the theories behind vocabulary acquisition in second language learning in order to put these theories into practice in a class. Learning vocabulary is an ongoing process which requires systematic repetition to help students learn, especially low context vocabulary. Students can retain the vocabulary they find useful and relevant to their subject matter by learning vocabulary through context, cooperative learning, and using technology.Results from an action research project will be reported. Introduction Until recently vocabulary had been widely overlooked in the ESL/EFL classroom. Maiguashca (1993) stated that teaching or studying grammar is based on a set of rules with a coherent structure which students follow or remember, but the same is not true of vocabulary (p. 91). Within the last few years, vocabulary has become viewed as an important aspect in s econd language learning, in fact, many believe just as important as the main skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking.Nation (as cited in Nation and Waring, 1997) explained, â€Å"Vocabulary knowledge enables language use, language use enables the increase of vocabulary knowledge, knowledge of the world enables the increase of vocabulary knowledge and language use and so on† (p. 6). This contextualized approach to learning vocabulary will help students increase their vocabulary though authentic interaction. In this paper, I will examine the theories behind vocabulary acquisition and some results when they were put into practice during my student teaching. Theoretical ConceptsBuilding vocabulary is extremely important for success in undergraduate or graduate studies. Nation and Waring (1997) reported that 5-year-old native English speakers beginning school will have a vocabulary of around 4,000 to 5,000 word families, adding roughly 1,000 word families a year until graduating from university with a vocabulary of around 20,000 word families (p. 7). Bauer and Nation (as cited in Nation and Waring) defined a word family as the base word, its inflected forms, and a small number of regular derived forms (p. 7).This means that students such as those in the English Foundations Program (EFP) at Hawai‘i Pacific University (HPU) have an enormous challenge ahead of them, considering that their previous schooling was in their L1, not English. If one uses Nation and Waring’s statement that native speakers have a vocabulary of around 20,000 word families at the time of university graduation, non-native speakers, before finishing EFP 1310, an advanced-level class in the EFP, and entering the undergraduate program, would have to increase their vocabulary from between 5,000 to 15,000 word families, depending on their previous English language studies.The good news is that according to Jamieson (as cited in Nation and Waring), once ESL students ent er a school where English is the primary language, their vocabulary grows at the same rate as native speakers, around 1,000 word families a year; however, the initial gap never closes (p. 7). Understanding where ESL students are starting from will help in providing the vocabulary needed in order for them to improve and catch up. Learning vocabulary is an ongoing process that takes time and practice. Nakata (2006) acknowledged that vocabulary acquisition requires continual repetition in order for effective vocabulary learning (p. 9). Vocabulary acquisition is not something a student can spend time learning or memorizing, like grammar, and be successful. Acquisition requires the learner to be disciplined, spending time each day working on words he/she does not know in order for 4 learners to remember high frequency words and put them into their long term memory, Nation and Waring stated that learners need to encounter the word multiple times in authentic speaking, reading, and writing context at the student’s appropriate level (p. 8).Developing lessons which allow the student to encounter new words multiple times, allowing them to put the new words into his/her long term memory can be time consuming. Developing word lists from the context of the lesson can reduce the work load, enabling the student to encounter the word multiple times through reading, listening, and speaking. Learning new vocabulary through context also helps the student understand the word’s correct usage and prevents students from making sentences from dictionary definition such as, There is a large cleavage between the rich and poor in America.Learning new words from a word list is much different from learning them in the context of a sentence or story. Yongqi Gu (2003) stated that learning new words through context is only one step students may use, and that students should think meta-cognitively and learn new words within the context of where they appear. (p. 14). To help the student learn the important words from the context of a lesson a teacher needs to focus on low context words, which necessitates a second distinction: high frequency and low frequency words.Nation (2005) defined high frequency words as words that occur quite frequently in the language, such as the, a, man, and woman. High frequency words occur so regularly in daily conversation that if students understand these words, they are able to write and speak in comprehensible English. Low frequency words, as described by Nation, are words that deal more with academic studies, words that appear throughout all academic texts and courses, but not very often in day to day speech, such as formulate, index, and modify (p. 48).This helps ease the burden a teacher has when trying to understand what words students understand; however, low frequency words are the more difficult aspect for teachers to teach and learners to understand. Creating vocabulary lists from the students’ textbooks and p resenting these words through context in the lesson should help them to retain and use the new vocabulary. It will also carry through that students learn vocabulary better when they find the items to be useful and are able to put the new words into use more often while they study.Vocabulary, like other aspects of language learning, can be facilitated when done through cooperative learning. Yongqi Gu (2003) pointed out that vocabulary acquisition is a very learner-centered activity with the effectiveness of the learner’s strategies depending on his/her attitude and motivation towards new vocabulary acquisition (p. 2). This is true because the main motivational learning factor must come from the student, but when learning vocabulary in a cooperative learning environment it allows students to learn from peers closest to them.Murphey and Arao (2001) pointed out that students felt more relaxed and learned more from peers since they saw that making mistakes is acceptable, having go als is good, and learning English can be fun (p. 2). So, even though vocabulary acquisition is a learner-centered activity in regards to studying and being disciplined to set goals, when done in collaboration with peers students may enjoy the activity more, learning more vocabulary in the end.Understanding that vocabulary learning is an ongoing process, that learning new vocabulary through context, and learning new vocabulary can be done cooperatively are what guided the classroom practices below. Vocabulary Development in Classroom Practices Context The course in which vocabulary development in line with the above theoretical concepts was implemented was EFP 1310 College Listening Skills, an advanced course in listening and note-taking. It stressed comprehension of classroom discussions and lectures, as well as a variety of other media presentations.The class was taught by two instructors: Dr. Hanh Nguyen as the lead teacher and myself as a student teacher. Together we worked to de velop the students’ vocabulary in class. In this class there were 5 eighteen students, eleven females and seven males. Of the eleven females, seven were Taiwanese, one Belarusian, one Japanese, one Chinese, and one Indonesian. Of the seven males, three were Korean, two Japanese, one Taiwanese, and one Serbian. One male student was repeating this class for the second time.For two of the males and three of the females, this was their first English language class at a university. The average number of years spent studying English in the student’s home country was 6. 2 years and in the US, just over one month. explained that Test Your Word Level is adapted for the web from Paul Nation and Batia Laufer's word levels tests, developed for learners with vocabularies of different sizes and types, with the 1,000 to 10,000 most frequent English words (p. 2). At the 1,000 word level, the items are multiplechoice and based on either pictures or short sentences.Learners check their answers and move on to a second test at a higher level, (80% or higher to move up), or moved down to a lower level, depending on their score. Assessing the student’s vocabulary level in the beginning of the semester was needed to set a starting point. It also helped students understand where they were and where they needed to go in order to do well in undergraduate studies. All of the students assessed in the EFP 1310 class scored in the 2,000 level except three students who were assessed at the 3,000 level.This means that their vocabulary level was between 2,000 and 5,000 word families, whereas their native-speaking counterparts would have around 15,000 word families. The second activity required students to learn three new words each week. The first time this class was taught each week students were required to write three new words in a journal along with a definition for each word and three example sentences using the word in context. They could pick these words from thre e sources: the next level up from the website where they had their level assessed, words from their textbook, and words from the AWL provided by the teacher.The website informed the students at what level they were assessed; then the students picked words from the level above that, studied them, and hopefully did better on the exam at the end of the semester. For example, students who were assessed at the 2,000 level would then study words from the 3,000 level to improve their vocabulary. If they did not want to do this, they could choose vocabulary words from the new vocabulary section listed at the beginning of each chapter of the textbook.Their last choice, if they did not wish to do the other two, was the AWL provided by the teachers. This list was prepared by examining the lectures in the text- Vocabulary Development Activities As mentioned earlier, Nation and Waring stated that learners need to encounter a word numerous times in order to use it properly. Building vocabulary is an ongoing process, and I believe good progress was made during the semester. The biggest obstacles encountered were the limited time and the number of words students had to learn in order to be well-prepared for undergraduate studies.Students now understood the importance of a large vocabulary and the amount of work they needed to put forth in obtaining it. In order to build the students’ vocabulary, and help close the vocabulary gap as much as possible, we carried out the following steps: (a) Students assessed their present vocabulary level, a starting point had to be determined so progresses could be assessed, (b) students learned three new words each week, getting the students motivated and changing their attitude on learning vocabulary, (c) the teachers created an academic word list (AWL) xtracted from the lectures and the textbook, developing vocabulary that the students would learn in the context of the lectures and use in the class discussions that followed, and (d) the students assessed their vocabulary at the end of the semester to see if they made any progress. To see their progress would motivate the students to continue the learning process. To begin with, the students needed to assess their present vocabulary level. To do this, students visited http://www. lextutor. a and took a vocabulary test to determine their present level. Sevier (2004) 6 book, pulling out the academic words, and putting them on a piece of paper to be given to the students. Some of the words on this list were the same as the words from the new vocabulary section of the textbook. Getting the students to learn three new words each week posed the most difficult task. Students did not have these lists checked every week, but at the mid-term and final exams, so a few students quickly created these books just before this time period.At first it was planned to have each student post his/her three new words on WebCT so they could be checked more regularly and other classmate s could learn from other student’s words. After this plan was put to a vote in class, the students decided to place their vocabulary words in a notebook and turn the notebook in before the mid-term and final exams. Learning from mistakes, we feel that it would have been better to check their vocabulary notebooks weekly, or have students post their new words on WebCT to help them acquire more low-context vocabulary, thus creating an even better activity for the class.To overcome these weaknesses, when I had the opportunity to teach the class again in the following semester (now as the sole teacher), students were required to post their three new words on WebCT instead of in a journal. They could choose the words from the same areas described above, but each week instead of writing them in a journal they needed to post them on WebCT for the teacher and classmates to see. The first reason was because the previous semester some students did not keep their journal regularly, only making the journal the day before it was due.The second reason was so classmates could learn from each other, near peer role modeling, and the teacher could use the words students were posting as part of the vocabulary section of the test. Students seemed to have taken a stronger interest in learning new vocabulary by transferring words they need to learn into a vocabulary journal or flash cards to help them study. Whether this process is successful or not will be seen at the end of the semester when the students take the vocabulary exam again to see their progress. The third activity was to provide lists of words for the AWL that appeared in the lectures in the textbook.Since EFP 1310 is an advanced course in the EFP program, and after this course most students enter undergraduate studies, the AWL is the appropriate list for this class. If it were a lower level class, lower levels of vocabulary would have been used. By pulling out the contextualized vocabulary from each lesson, we were hoping not only to increase the student’s vocabulary but also make the lectures more comprehensible. I helped with scanning and running each lecture through â€Å"RANGE† a software program developed by Nation (2005).This program allowed me to create a contextualized AWL specifically for our class, focusing on the vocabulary from the given lectures. Nation and Waring (1997) developed three levels of vocabulary lists: level 1 is the first 1,000 word families, level 2 is the second 1,000 word families, and level 3 is the university word list (UWL) or AWL (p. 14). RANGE is used to create word lists based on frequency and is useful for seeing what low frequency words are contained in a paper, technical information note, or a text aimed at foreign readers.It creates three ready-made base lists. Figure 1 shows an example of a lecture that was run through RANGE. The first includes the most frequent 1,000 words of English. The second includes the next 1,000 most frequent w ords, and the third includes words not in the first 2,000 words of English but which are frequent in upper secondary school and university texts from a wide range of subjects. All three base lists include the base forms of words and derived forms; thus, the first 1,000 words consist of around 4,000 forms or types. 7 Figure 1.An example of RANGE analysis output (see the Appendix for the sample text of this analysis) Tables Table 1 Three Base Lists Created from RANGE Software Program Types found in base list one Type a all also and bank business employees Range 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Freq 9 2 1 3 2 13 2 F1 9 2 1 3 2 13 2 Types found in base list two Type competition critical hurt lot rush Range 1 1 1 1 1 Freq 1 1 1 3 1 F1 1 1 1 3 1 Types found in base list three Type affect community factors financing investigate obtain project range require Range 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Freq 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 F1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 After scanning each lecture and running it through the program, we pulled out only th e level 3 words, the AWL, and put them into a word document. Before each lecture, the teacher printed out the appropriate AWL and gave it to the students to prepare them for the lecture. This practice was inspired by the notion that new words are best learned in context, or as Sternberg claimed, â€Å"Vocabulary using context is the most effective, or even a relatively effective, way of teaching that vocabulary† (p. 89).Since students had the chance to study and understand the vocabulary before listening to the lecture, we aimed to help them to concentrate on the content of the lecture and hear the vocabulary being used in context. Extracting the high context vocabulary from the lectures was a great way to focus on the content words from the lessons so students would be using them regularly in class, hopefully committing them to long term memory. It also saved the teachers a lot of time by not having to read the lectures and pull the vocabulary out. This allowed more time to focus on presentation of the lessons and vocabulary.The final activity took place at the end of the semester when students revisited the website, http://www. lextutor. ca, and had their vocabulary assessed a second time to see if it had grown. All of the students scored at the same level from the beginning of the semester, except one student who scored higher. The use of the same exam at the end of the semester gave validity to their scores since the level of the test did not change. Even though most students scored at the same level in the end, I do not believe that the vocabulary learning activities done in class failed.One level contains roughly 4,000 word forms and types, so a student may have tested into the lower end of level 2,000 at the beginning of the semester, and tested at the same level but toward the higher end at the completion of the semester. Since the test does not show this in more detail, it is difficult to know if the students have or have not made some progress . Conclusion Vocabulary acquisition has become an extremely important part of second language acquisition, and teachers cannot rely on students acquiring the needed vocabulary just through interaction with the language.I always understood that vocabulary was important in second language learning, but understanding what words to teach and in what manner have helped me to better plan my lessons so students can acquire the necessary vocabulary. Students need to be taught vocabulary in context so that they can retain the words and use them more frequently. Learning how the computer can help to develop word lists from the student’s textbooks has enabled me to focus on the words that were necessary in each lesson. Allowing the students to use the new vocabulary during the course of the lesson should help them retain it in their long term memories.Using a computer program to assess the student’s present vocabulary level also helped me to see what words needed to be taught to help students progress or catch up. In the end, however vocabulary is presented to the students, like all materials, it must be in appropriate situations, giving them the chance to use the vocabulary and build upon their language repertoire. 9 References Cobb, T. (1999). The compleat lexical tutor (Version 4. 5) [Computer software]. University of Quebec at Montreal. Maiguashca, R. U. (1993). Teaching and learning vocabulary in a second language: Past, present and future directions.The Canadian Modern Language Review, 50(1), 83-100. Murphey, T. , & Arao, H. (2001). Reported belief changes through near peer role modeling. TESL-EJ, 5(3). Retrieved June 1, 2006, from http://wwwwriting. berkeley. edu/TESLEJ/ej19/a1. html Nakata, T. (2006). Implementing optimal spaced learning for English vocabulary learning: Towards improvement of the low-first method derived from the reactivation theory. The JALT CALL Journal, 2(2), 3-18. Nation, P. , & Waring, R. (1997). Vocabulary size, text coverage and word lists. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds. , Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy (pp. 6-19). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved March 3, 2006, from http:// www1. harenet. ne. jp/~waring/papers/ cup. html Nation, P. (2005). Range and frequency instructions [Computer software]. Retrieved March 3, 2006, from http://www. vuw. ac. nz/lals/staff/paul -nation/nation. aspx Nation, P. (2005). Teaching vocabulary. Asian EFL Journal, 7(3), 47-54. Sevier, M. (2004). The compleat lexical tutor, v. 4. TESL-EJ, 8(3). Retrieved May 26, 2006, from http://wwwwriting. berkeley. edu/TESLEJ/ej31/m2. tml Sternberg, R. J. (1987). Most vocabulary is learned from content. In M. G. McKeown & M. E. Curtis (Eds. ), The nature of vocabulary acquisition (pp. 89105). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Yongqi Gu, P. (2003). Vocabulary learning in second language: Person, task, context and strategies. TESL-EJ, 7(2). Retrieved October 3, 2006, from http://www-writing. berkeley. e du/ TESL-EJ/ej26/a4. html 10 Appendix Sample text for RANGE analysis example Starting Your Own Business When starting your own business, it is important that you put a lot of thought into what you are going to do. 0-85% of all business will fail, so the first point is to start with something you know well. Study what the kind of store you want to open. If it is a retail store, then look around. Do you see someone else selling what you plan to sell? How many possible competitors do you see? The next step to plan: There are two reasons for business planning. One is that it makes the entrepreneur investigate where he will open his business and what factors could affect his business. Second, a business plan will also help the entrepreneur obtain financing from a bank.All banks will require a business to make sure enough thought and planning have gone into the project before the banks gives any money. Looking at the first point: By looking at your possible market from a business personâ €™s point of view, you may look with a more critical eye. You don’t want to rush into something where you could lose a lot of money. Possible factors that could affect your business range from employees, to possible growth of the community, to your competition.If there are not a lot of people living around your business, where will your employees come from? Is the community going to grow where you plan to open your business or is it shrinking? If it is shrinking will that hurt your business? The second point is more for the bank. They like to see that you have thought through many of the possibilities that could affect your business. They want to see that you know what your expenses will be, how well you know your product, and how much money you think you can make selling your product. (Prepared by Jeff G. Mehring, 2005)